BEC中的可调谐自旋轨道耦合和磁超条相
Tunable spin-orbit coupling and magnetic superstripe phase in a BEC
摘要：
玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）中的超条纹相具有晶体结构和超流性，为探索奇异量子物质--超固体开辟了一条新的途径。然而，由于超条带周期短、可见度低、易受磁场波动影响或寿命短，因此，对超条带的最终探测和进一步探索在实验中仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们提出了一个计划，在自旋轨道耦合BEC克服这些障碍，并产生一个强大的磁超条纹相位，只有自旋（没有总）密度调制由于磁平移对称性，准备直接实空间观测。在该方案中，两个超精细自旋态分别与一个大失谐的第三态拉曼耦合，这导致两个低带色散之间的动量-空间分离，产生一个有效的自旋-1/2系统，具有可调谐的自旋-轨道耦合和塞曼场。在没有有效塞曼场的情况下，自旋相关的相互作用占主导地位，产生具有长可调周期和高可见度的磁超条纹相。我们的方案提供了一个平台，观察和探索奇异的性质的超条纹相位，以及新的物理与可调自旋轨道耦合。
英文摘要：
Superstripe phases in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), possessing both crystalline structure and superfluidity, opens a new avenue for exploring exotic quantum matters---supersolids. However, conclusive detection and further exploration of a superstripe is still challenging in experiments because of its short period, low visibility, fragility against magnetic field fluctuation or short lifetime. Here we propose a scheme in a spin-orbit coupled BEC which overcomes these obstacles and generates a robust magnetic superstripe phase, with only spin (no total) density modulation due to the magnetic translational symmetry, ready for direct real-space observation. In the scheme, two hyperfine spin states are individually Raman coupled with a largely-detuned third state, which induce a momentum-space separation between two lower band dispersions, yielding an effective spin-1/2 system with tunable spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman fields. Without effective Zeeman fields, spin-dependent interaction dominates, yielding a magnetic superstripe phase with a long tunable period and high visibility. Our scheme provides a platform for observing and exploring exotic properties of superstripe phases as well as novel physics with tunable spin-orbit coupling.
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