引力彩虹：LIGO和截止时的暗能量
Gravitational Rainbows: LIGO and Dark Energy at its Cutoff
摘要：
最近直接探测到的中子星与光学对应物的合并已经被用来严重限制暗能量的模型，通常预测的引力波的速度修改。我们指出，在LIGO观测到的能量尺度，以及中子星事件的特定频率，非常接近与许多暗能量模型相关的强耦合尺度或截止。虽然在这些模型中，在非常低的能量下，人们确实期望引力波以不同于光速的速度传播，但当人们达到接近截止的能量尺度时，情况就不一定如此了。我们明确地表明，这是如何发生在一个简单的模型与已知的部分UV完成。在Horndeski的上下文中，我们展示了自然位于截止尺度的算子如何影响引力波的传播速度，并使其在这些尺度上恢复统一。我们将讨论包括LISA和PTA在内的进一步任务如何在测试此类模型中发挥重要作用。
英文摘要：
The recent direct detection of a neutron star merger with optical counterpart has been used to severely constrain models of dark energy that typically predict a modification of the speed of gravitational waves. We point out that the energy scales observed at LIGO, and the particular frequency of the neutron star event, lie very close to the strong coupling scale or cutoff associated with many dark energy models. While it is true that at very low energies one expects gravitational waves to travel at a speed different than light in these models, the same is no longer necessarily true as one reaches energy scales close to the cutoff. We show explicitly how this occurs in a simple model with a known partial UV completion. Within the context of Horndeski, we show how the operators that naturally lie at the cutoff scale can affect the speed of propagation of gravitational waves and bring it back to unity at those scales. We discuss how further missions including LISA and PTAs could play an essential role in testing such models.
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