In this work, we propose a model by combining the parameterization method and the QCD factorization to study the $B\toπK$ puzzle. The parameterization introduces twelve parameters, the weak angle $γ$ and the other eleven hadronic parameters. These hadronic parameters are calculated by the QCD factorization (QCDF). The calculational accuracy of the QCDF is improved by including the twist-3 three parton tree and one loop corrections. Three additional nonperturbative strong phases from the gluonic penguin, color suppressed, and color favored tree diagrams are required to account for the direct CP asymmetries. The weak angle, three nonperturbative strong phases, and four scale variables are assumed as fitting parameters. These eight parameters are determined by a least squares fit to the eight measurements. The fit shows that the hadronic parameters need to be process-dependent. The process-dependent hadronic parameters break the isospin symmetry `dynamically'. A large negative relative phase associated with the internal up quark gluonic penguin diagram is observed. The weak angle $γ$ is found to be $72.1\pm5.8$ degree, being consistent with the world averaged value, $72.1\pm5.8$ degree. By a least squares fit to the mixing induced asymmetry $S(π^{0}K_{S})=0.58\pm0.06$, the weak angle $β$ is determined to be $22.9\pm2.1$ degree, which is in a well agreement with the world averaged value, $22.5\pm4.4\pm0.6$ degree. The model predicts the ratio $C^{\prime}/T^{\prime}$ (color suppressed/color favored) to be $0.59\pm0.08$. The above evidences indicate that the model can solve the $B\toπK$ puzzle consistently.
Within the framework of QCD factorization (QCDF), power corrections due to penguin annihilation can account for theobserved rates of penguin-dominated two-body decays of $B$ mesons and direct CP asymmetries $A_{CP}(K^-π^+)$, $A_{CP}((K^{*-}π^+)$, $A_{CP}((K^-ρ^0)$ and $A_{CP}((π^+π^-)$. However, the predicted direct CP-violating effects in QCDF for $B^-\to K^-π^0,K^-η,π^-η$ and $\bar B^0\toπ^0π^0$ are wrong in signs when confronted with experiment. We consider two different types of power correction effects in order to resolve the CP puzzles and rate deficit problems with penguin-dominated two…
Within the framework of QCD factorization (QCDF), power corrections due to penguin annihilation can account for the observed rates of penguin-dominated two-body decays of $B$ mesons and direct CP asymmetries $A_{CP}(K^-π^+)$, $A_{CP}(K^{*-}π^+)$, $A_{CP}(K^-ρ^0)$ and $A_{CP}(π^+π^-)$. However, the predicted direct CP-violating effects in QCDF for $B^-\to K^-π^0,K^-η,π^-η$ and $\bar B^0\toπ^0π^0$ are wrong in signs when confronted with experiment. We show that subleading $1/m_b$ power corrections to the color-suppressed tree amplitude due to spectator scattering or final-state interactions will…
By choosing two typical input parameter points in the minimal supergravity (mSUGRA) model and using the QCD factorization (QCDF) approach, we studied the supersymmetric effects to the CP violation of the two-body charmless hadronic $B$ meson decays. We found that though the SUSY contributions can give large corrections to the CP asymmetries for some decay channels, they could not be distinguished experimentally from the SM values because of the large theoretical errors dominated by calculating the annihilation contributions in the QCDF approach.
In QCD Factorization(QCDF), the suppression of the color-suppressed tree amplitude relative to the color-allowed one in $B\to Kπ$ decay implies a direct CP asymmetry in $B^{-}\to K^{-}π^{0}$ to be of the same sign and comparable in magnitude to that in ${\bar B}^{0}\to K^{+}π^{-}$, in contradiction with experiment. This is the $A_{\rm CP}$ $B\to Kπ$ puzzle. One of the current proposal to solve this puzzle is the existence of a large color-suppressed amplitude with large strong phase which implies also a large negative ${\bar B}^{0}\to {\bar K}^{0}π^{0}$ CP asymmetry. In this paper, by an essen…
Within the framework of QCD factorization (QCDF), we consider two different types of power correction effects in order to resolve the CP puzzles and rate deficit problems with penguin-dominated two-body decays of B mesons and color-suppressed tree-dominated $π^0π^0$ and $ρ^0π^0$ modes: penguin annihilation and soft corrections to the color-suppressed tree amplitude. We emphasize that the electroweak penguin solution to the $B\to Kπ$ CP puzzle via New Physics is irrelevant for solving the CP and rate puzzles related to tree-dominated decays. While some channels e.g. $K^-π^+,K^-ρ^0,π^+π^-,ρ^\pmπ…
Branching fractions and CP-violating asymmetries of charmless $\bar B_s\to PP, VP, VV$ decays (P and V denoting pseudoscalar and vector mesons, respectively) are re-examined in the framework of QCD factorization (QCDF). We take into account subleading power corrections to the penguin annihilation topology and to color-suppressed tree amplitudes that are crucial for resolving the CP puzzles and rate deficit problems with penguin-dominated two-body decays and color-suppressed tree-dominated $π^0π^0$ and $ρ^0π^0$ modes in the $B_{u,d}$ sector. Many of the $B_s\to h_1h_2$ decays can be related to …
The large branching ratios for pure annihilation $\bar{B}_s^0$ $\to$ $π^+ π^-$ and $\bar{B}_d^0$ $\to$ $K^+ K^-$ decays reported by CDF and LHCb collaborations recently and the so-called $πK$ and $ππ$ puzzles indicate that spectator scattering and annihilation contributions are important to the penguin-dominated, color-suppressed tree dominated, and pure annihilation nonleptonic $B$ decays. Combining the available experimental data for $B_{u,d}$ ${\to}$ $ππ$, $πK$ and $K \bar{K}$ decays, we do a global fit on the spectator scattering and annihilation parameters $X_H(ρ_H$, $ϕ_H)$, $X_A^i(ρ_A^{i…
We propose a minimal extension of the standard model which includes only one additional complex scalar field, flavon, with flavor-dependent global U(1) symmetry. It not only explains the hierarchical flavor structure in the quark and lepton sector (including neutrino sector), but also solves the strong CP problem by identifying the CP-odd component of the flavon as the QCD axion, which we call flaxion. Furthermore, the flaxion model solves the cosmological puzzles in the standard model, i.e., origin of dark matter, baryon asymmetry of the universe, and inflation. We show that the radial compon…
It was recently suggested that in a class of supersymmetric SO(10) models with Higgs multiplets in 10, and a single $126+\bar{126}$ representations, if the $\bar{126}$ contributes both to the right handed neutrino masses as well as to the charged fermion masses, one can have a complete prediction of the neutrino masses and mixings. It turns out that if one chooses only one 10, there are no regions in the parameter space where one can have a large $ν_μ-ν_τ$ mixing angle necessary to solve the atmospheric neutrino deficit while at the same time solving the solar neutrino puzzle via the $ν_e \lef…
We propose two minimal extensions of Standard Model, both of which can easily accommodate the recent puzzling observations about the excess in $R_b$, the deficit in $R_c$ and the discrepancy in the low energy and high energy determinations of $α_{s}$. Each model requires three additional heavy vectorial fermions in order to resolve the puzzles. The current phenomenological constraints and the new potential phenomena are also discussed.
We investigate the spin structure of the nucleon in an extended Jaffe-Lipkin quark model. In addition to the conventional $3q$ structure, different $(3q)(Q\bar{Q})$ admixtures in the nucleon wavefunction are also taken into account. The contributions to the nucleon spin from various components of the nucleon wavefunction are discussed. The effect due to the Melosh-Wigner rotation is also studied. It is shown that the Jaffe-Lipkin term is only important when antiquarks are negatively polarized. We arrive at a new "minimal" quark model, which is close to the naive quark model, in order to unders…
We have analyzed the ${\bar B}^0\to π^0π^0$ puzzle in three kinds of models beyond the standard model (SM). It is shown that the minimal flavor violation (MFV) models, the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), and the two Higgs doublet models (2HDM) I and II can not give an explanation of the ${\bar B}^0\to π^0π^0$ puzzle within $1 σ$ experimental bounds and the model III 2HDM can explain the puzzle without a conflict with other experimental measurements. If the constraint on $C_{8g}$ from $b\to s g$ is not imposed, for all kinds of insertions considered there are regions of parameter …
We analyze the $B \to ϕK^{*}$ polarization puzzle in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) including the neutral Higgs boson (NHB) contributions. To calculate the non-factorizable contributions to hadronic matrix elements of operators, we have used the QCD factorization framework to the $α_s $ order. It is shown that the recent experimental results of the polarization fractions in $B\to ϕK^{*}$ decays, which are difficult to be explained in SM, could be explained in MSSM if there are flavor non-diagonal squark mass matrix elements of 2nd and 3rd generations, which also satisfy all r…
We discuss the indirect search for new degrees of freedom beyond the standard model, within flavour physics. In particular, we analyse the minimal flavour violation hypothesis and its phenomenological implications, especially the large-tan beta scenario in supersymmetric models, and also compare it with the constrained minimal flavour violation scenario. Moreover, we briefly discuss some recent progress in inclusive b to s transitions and present a status report of the so-called K-pi puzzle.
The strong CP problem is one of many puzzles in the theoretical description of elementary particle physics that still lacks an explanation. While top-down solutions to that problem usually comprise new symmetries or fields or both, we want to present a rather bottom-up perspective. The main problem seems to be how to achieve small CP violation in the strong interactions despite large CP violation in weak interactions. Observation of CP violation is exclusively through the Higgs--Yukawa interactions. In this paper, we show that with minimal assumptions on the structure of mass (Yukawa) matrices…
We study the phenomenology of simplified $Z^\prime$ models with a global $U(2)^3$ flavour symmetry in the quark sector, broken solely by the Standard Model Yukawa couplings. This flavour symmetry, known as less-minimal flavour violation, protects $ΔF=2$ processes from dangerously large new physics (NP) effects, and at the same time provides a free complex phase in $b\to s$ transitions, allowing for an explanation of the hints for additional direct CP violation in kaon decays ($ε^\prime/ε$) and in hadronic $B$-decays ($B\to Kπ$ puzzle). Furthermore, once the couplings of the $Z^\prime$ boson to…
In the original version of the minimal SU(3)_C x SU(3)_L x U(1)_N model the masses of all quarks are correctly obtained by introducing three scalar triplets into the model, meanwhile the lepton mass generation requires the introduction of at least one scalar sextet. In this work we show that this scalar sextet is unable to yield the correct neutrino masses and mixing. In order to solve this puzzle in the most economical way, we evoke an additional Z_3 discrete symmetry, without including this sextet in the scalar spectrum, and propose a truly minimal 3-3-1 model capable of generating the corre…
In minimal SUSY GUT models the $R$-parity breaking terms are severely constrained by SU(5) gauge invariance. We consider the particular case where the explicit $R$-parity breaking occurs only via dimension 2 terms of the superpotential. This model possesses only three R-parity breaking parameters. We have studied the predictions of this model for the neutrino masses and mixing angles at the one-loop level within the framework of a radiatively broken unified supergravity model. We find that this model naturally yields masses and mixing angles that can explain the solar and atmospheric neutrino …
