多大的收入不平等才算公平？纳什讨价还价解及其与熵的关系
How much income inequality is fair? Nash bargaining solution and its connection to entropy
摘要：
关于公平的收入不平等的问题在两个多世纪以来一直是经济学和政治哲学中一个重要的开放性问题，只有罗尔斯、诺齐克和德沃金提出的定性答案。最近，我们通过建立一个博弈论框架，证明了理想的不平等是均衡时收入的对数正态分布，从而为理想的自由市场社会提供了一个定量答案。在本文中，我们开发了另一种方法，使用纳什谈判解决方案（NBS）的框架，这也导致了相同的结论。尽管结论是相同的，但新的方法揭示了NBS的真实性质，这几十年来一直受到相当大的关注。经济学家们一直想知道国家统计局的经济意义或目的。虽然有些人提到了它的公平属性，但我们更有说服力地表明，它完全是关于公平的。由于熵的本质也是公平的，我们看到了纳什乘积和大量理性经济主体的熵之间的有趣联系。
英文摘要：
The question about fair income inequality has been an important open question in economics and in political philosophy for over two centuries with only qualitative answers such as the ones suggested by Rawls, Nozick, and Dworkin. We provided a quantitative answer recently, for an ideal free-market society, by developing a game-theoretic framework that proved that the ideal inequality is a lognormal distribution of income at equilibrium. In this paper, we develop another approach, using the Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS) framework, which also leads to the same conclusion. Even though the conclusion is the same, the new approach, however, reveals the true nature of NBS, which has been of considerable interest for several decades. Economists have wondered about the economic meaning or purpose of the NBS. While some have alluded to its fairness property, we show more conclusively that it is all about fairness. Since the essence of entropy is also fairness, we see an interesting connection between the Nash product and entropy for a large population of rational economic agents.
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