Ultra-dense network deployment has been proposed as a key technique for achieving capacity goals in the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system. However, the deployment of smaller cells inevitably leads to more frequent handovers, thus making mobility management more challenging and reducing the capacity gains offered by the dense network deployment. In order to fully reap the gains for mobile users in such a network environment, we propose an intelligent dual connectivity mechanism for mobility management through deep learning-based mobility prediction. We first use LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) algorithm, one of deep learning algorithms, to learn every user equipment's (UE's) mobility pattern from its historical trajectories and predict its movement trends in the future. Based on the corresponding prediction results, the network will judge whether a handover is required for the UE. For the handover case, a dual connection will be established for the related UE. Thus, the UE can get the radio signal from two base stations in the handover process. Simulation results verify that the proposed intelligent dual connectivity mechanism can significantly improve the quality of service of mobile users in the handover process while guaranteeing the network energy efficiency.
Drone networks are becoming increasingly popular in recent years and they are being used in many applications such as area coverage, delivery systems, military operations, etc. Area coverage is a broad family of applications where a group of connected drones collaboratively visit the whole or parts of an area to fulfill a specific objective and is widely being researched. Accordingly, different mobility models have been designed to define the rules of movements of the participating drones. However, most of them do not consider the network connectivity which is crucial, plus many models lack th…
The use of real-time software-controlled reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) units is proposed to increase the reliability of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. The optimum placement problem of the RIS units is formulated by considering their sizes and operating modes. The solution of the problem is given, where it is shown that the placement of the RIS depends on the locations of the transmitter and the receiver. The proposed RIS-supported highway deployment can combat the high path loss experienced by the use of higher frequency bands, including the millimeter-wave and the tera…
Analysis of AODV over increased density and mobility in Intelligent Transportation System
目前的VANET领域缺乏一些更好的设计算法来处理动态变化和频繁的中断，由于车辆的高移动性。有许多技术可以在移动车辆上传播信息，但它们都高度依赖于流量，密度和速度等条件。常用的两种技术是AODV（Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector）和DSRC（Dedicated Short Range Communication）。本文对AODV协议进行了详细的分析。本文主要研究AODV在智能交通系统中的应用。分析了AODV路由协议的局限性。可以在一定程度上消除这些限制，以提高车辆网络的性能，并使驾驶对于普通用户来说更加安全和容易，并且将消除实现的复杂性，并且可以实现高效的系统实现。
Beyond visual line-of-sight connectivity is key for use cases of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) such as package delivery, infrastructure inspection, and rescue missions. Cellular networks stand ready to support flying UAVs by providing wide-area, quality, and secure connectivity for UAV operations. Ensuring reliable connections in the presence of UAV movements is important for safety control and operations of UAVs. With increasing height above the ground, the radio environment changes. Using terrestrial cellular networks to provide connectivity to the UAVs moving in the sky may face new chall…
Various visions on the forthcoming sixth Generation (6G) networks point towards flexible connect-and-compute technologies to support future innovative services and the corresponding use cases. 6G should be capable to accommodate ever-evolving and heterogeneous applications, future regulations, and diverse user-, service-, and location-based requirements. A key element towards building smart and energy sustainable wireless systems beyond 5G is the Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS), which offers programmable control and shaping of the wireless propagation environment. Capitalizing on this…
The femto-access-point (FAP), a low power small cellular base station provides better signal quality for the indoor users as to provide high data-rate communications with improved coverage, access network capacity and quality of service. Highly dense femtocellular deployments-the ultimate goal of the femtocellular technology-will require significant degree of selforganization in lieu of manual configuration as to mitigate unwanted handovers and interference effects. The deployment of femtocells with our proposed on-demand scheme in the multistoried building or home environment can solve the lo…
One limiting factor to the performance of mobile ad-hoc networks is the amount of interference that is experienced by each node. In this paper we use the Random Waypoint Mobility Model (RWPM) to represent such a network of mobile devices, and show that the connectivity of a receiver at different parts of the network domain varies significantly. This is a result of a large portion of the nodes in the RWPM being located near the centre of the domain resulting in increased levels of interference between neighbouring devices. A non-trivial trade-off therefore exists between the spatial intensity o…
RWTH Aachen University（亚琛工业大学）；Institute for Automotive Engineering（汽车工程研究所）
Enabling secure and reliable high-bandwidth lowlatency connectivity between automated vehicles and external servers, intelligent infrastructure, and other road users is a central step in making fully automated driving possible. The availability of data interfaces, which allow this kind of connectivity, has the potential to distinguish artificial agents' capabilities in connected, cooperative, and automated mobility systems from the capabilities of human operators, who do not possess such interfaces. Connected agents can for example share data to build collective environment models, plan collec…
The 5th Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) and beyond technologies will support enhanced mobile broadband, very low latency communications, and huge numbers of mobile devices. Therefore, for very high speed users, seamless mobility needs to be maintained during the migration from one cell to another in the handover. Due to the presence of a massive number of mobile devices, the management of the high mobility of a dense network becomes crucial. Moreover, a dynamic adaptation is required for the Time-to-Trigger (TTT) and hysteresis margin, which significantly impact the handover latency and overall…
The intelligent information society, which is highly digitized, intelligence inspired and globally data driven, will be deployed in the next decade. The next 6G wireless communication networks are the key to achieve this grand blueprint, which is expected to connect everything, provide full dimensional wireless coverage and integrate all functions to support full-vertical applications. Recent research reveals that intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) with wireless environment control capability is a promising technology for 6G networks. Specifically, IRS can intelligently control the wavefront…
In the recent years, WiFi standard has been used to develop different kind of wireless networks due to its flexibility and the availability of cheap off the shelf hardware. Even if the standard itself lacks mobility support, it has been used in networks with mobile nodes. When mobility is involved, a fast handoff is of paramount importance, especially with multimedia applications. The current IEEE 802.11 standard does not provide any specification about how the handoff should take place. In this paper we propose a handoff scheme optimized for networks providing wireless connection to mass tran…
Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto（奥罗普雷托联邦大学）；Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais（米纳斯吉拉斯联邦大学）；Politecnico di Torino（都灵理工大学）；Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica（航空技术学院）
Motivated by the growing number of mobile devices capable of connecting and exchanging messages, we propose a methodology aiming to model and analyze node mobility in networks. We note that many existing solutions in the literature rely on topological measurements calculated directly on the graph of node contacts, aiming to capture the notion of the node's importance in terms of connectivity and mobility patterns beneficial for prototyping, design, and deployment of mobile networks. However, each measure has its specificity and fails to generalize the node importance notions that ultimately ch…
In this paper, performance evaluation of Newton-Raphson and Conjugate Gradient method has been studied in comparison to Steepest Decent method for coverage and connectivity control in backbone based wireless networks. In order to design such wireless networks, the main challenge is to ensure network requirements such as network coverage and connectivity. To optimize coverage and connectivity, backbone nodes will be repositioned by the use of mobility control based on above mentioned methods. Thus the network get self organized which autonomously achieve energy minimizing configuration. Further…
Emerging 5G and next generation 6G wireless are likely to involve myriads of connectivity, consisting of a huge number of relatively smaller cells providing ultra-dense coverage. Guaranteeing seamless connectivity and service level agreements in such a dense wireless system demands efficient network management and fast service recovery. However, restoration of a wireless network, in terms of maximizing service recovery, typically requires evaluating the service impact of every network element. Unfortunately, unavailability of real-time KPI information, during an outage, enforces most of the ex…
Real-World Deployment of Cloud-based Autonomous Mobility Systems for Outdoor and Indoor Environments
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学机械与机电工程系）；Technology Partnerships and Innovations, Rogers Communications, Canada Inc.（罗杰斯通讯加拿大有限公司技术伙伴关系与创新部）；Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Alberta（阿尔伯塔大学机械工程系）
The upsurge in wireless devices and real-time service demands force the move to a higher frequency spectrum. Millimetre-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) bands combined with the beamforming technology offer significant performance enhancements for ultra-dense networks (UDNs). Unfortunately, shrinking cell coverage and severe penetration loss experienced at higher spectrum render mobility management a critical issue in UDNs, especially optimizing beam blockages and frequent handover (HO). Mobility management challenges have become prevalent in city centres and urban areas. To address this, we p…
Wireless broadband technology is now in motion to provide higher data rate, wider coverage and improved mobility. Towards this the 4G - network is an integration of various wireless technologies and expected to provide seamless mobility. Moreover 4G-networks will be entirely packet switched systems based on IP protocol. One of the research challenges for 4G-Network is the design of intelligent mobility management techniques that take advantage of IP-based technologies to achieve global roaming among various access technologies. Hence Mobile IPv6 is considered to be one of the key technologies …
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology is becoming more prevalent and more diverse in its application. 5G and beyond networks must enable UAV connectivity. This will require the network operator to consider this new type of user in the planning and operation of the network. This work presents the challenges an operator will encounter and should consider in the future as UAVs become users of the network. We analyse the 3GPP specifications, the existing research literature, and a publicly available UAV connectivity dataset, to describe the challenges. We classify these challenges into network …
Optimal interface selection is a key mobility management issue in heterogeneous wireless networks. Measuring the physical or link level performance on a given wireless access networks does not provide a reliable indication of the IP connectivity, delay and loss on the (bidirectional) paths from the Mobile Host to the node that is handling the mobility, over different heterogeneous networks. In this paper, we propose, implement and analyze mechanisms for connectivity check and performance (network delay and packet loss) monitoring over IP access networks. We evaluate the accuracy and timeliness…
Proportional Fair (PF) is a scheduling technique to maintain a balance between maximizing throughput and ensuring fairness to users. Dual Connectivity (DC) technique was introduced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to improve the mobility robustness and system capacity in heterogeneous networks. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of DC in improving proportional fairness in the system. We propose a low complexity centralized PF scheduling scheme for DC and show that it outperforms the standard PF scheduling scheme. Since the problem of dual association of users for maximiz…
Dual Connectivity (DC) is one of the key techniques to harness the potential of heterogeneous cellular networks. However, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has introduced disparate mechanisms for DC support in different Radio Access Technologies (RATs), bringing complexity to the network nodes in a Multi-RAT Radio Access Network (RAN). Moreover, DC support requires an exchange of high volume of control information between these network nodes. To address these issues, in this paper an SDN based architecture for Multi-RAT RAN is proposed. The proposed architecture brings simplicity to th…
We review the research literature investigating systems in which mobile entities can carry data while they move. These entities can be either mobile by nature (e.g., human beings and animals) or mobile by design (e.g., trains, airplanes, and cars). The movements of such entities equipped with storage capabilities create a communication channel which can help overcome the limitations or the lack of conventional data networks. Common limitations include the mismatch between the capacity offered by these networks and the traffic demand or their limited deployment owing to environmental factors. A…
The performance of mobile ad hoc networks in general and that of the routing algorithm, in particular, can be heavily affected by the intrinsic dynamic nature of the underlying topology. In this paper, we build a new analytical/numerical framework that characterizes nodes' mobility and the evolution of links between them. This formulation is based on a stationary Markov chain representation of link connectivity. The existence of a link between two nodes depends on their distance, which is governed by the mobility model. In our analysis, nodes move randomly according to an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck pr…
In a world where Artificial Intelligence revolutionizes inference, prediction and decision-making tasks, Digital Twins emerge as game-changing tools. A case in point is the development and optimization of Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITSs): a confluence of cyber-physical digital infrastructure and (semi)automated mobility. Herein we introduce Digital Twin for self-dRiving Intelligent VEhicles (DRIVE). The developed framework tackles shortcomings of traditional vehicular and network simulators. It provides a flexible, modular, and scalable implementation to ensure large-sca…
Dynamic Mask Enhanced Intelligent Multi-UAV Deployment for Urban Vehicular Networks
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center（合肥综合性国家科学中心人工智能研究院）
Reliable data connectivity is vital for the ever increasingly intelligent, automated and ubiquitous digital world. Mobile networks are the data highways and, in a fully connected, intelligent digital world, will need to connect everything, from people to vehicles, sensors, data, cloud resources and even robotic agents. Fifth generation (5G) wireless networks (that are being currently deployed) offer significant advances beyond LTE, but may be unable to meet the full connectivity demands of the future digital society. Therefore, this article discusses technologies that will evolve wireless netw…
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been extensively utilized to provide wireless connectivity in rural and under-developed areas, enhance network capacity and provide support for peaks or unexpected surges in user demand, mainly due to their fast deployment, cost-efficiency and superior communication performance resulting from Line of Sight (LoS)-dominated wireless channels. In order to exploit the benefits of UAVs as base stations or relays in a mobile network, a major challenge is to determine the optimal UAV placement and relocation strategy with respect to the mobility and traffic patter…
Embodied AI in 6G Networks: From Intelligent Connectivity to Physical Intelligence
Thomas Johann Seebeck Department of Electronics（托马斯·约翰·塞贝克电子系）；Tallinn University of Technology（塔林理工大学）；Institute for Imaging, Data and Communication (IDCoM)（成像、数据与通信研究所）；The University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science（人工智能与计算机科学学院）；Jiangnan University（江南大学）；School of Science and Technology（科学与技术学院）；Hong Kong Metropolitan University（香港 metropolitan 大学）；Department of Electronic Systems（电子系统系）；Aalborg University（奥胡斯大学）；School of Computer Science（计算机科学学院）；University of Sydney（悉尼大学）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering（电气与计算机工程系）；University of Houston（休斯顿大学）；San Diego State University（圣地亚哥州立大学）
