非阻塞性细胞内纳米激光
Non-obstructive intracellular nanolasers
摘要：
纳米光子物体，如等离子体纳米粒子和胶体量子点，可以补充生物医学光学中分子染料的功能。然而，它们的操作通常由自发过程支配，这导致宽光谱特征和有限的信噪比，从而限制了光谱复用和感测的机会。激光提供了最终的光谱清晰度和背景抑制，最近已经证明了它们与细胞的集成。然而，激光器的尺寸和阈值仍然存在问题。在这里，我们报告的设计，高通量制造和细胞内集成的半导体纳米盘激光器。通过利用GaInP/AlGaInP量子阱的大光学增益和高折射率，我们获得了体积比真核细胞核小1000倍的激光器（$V_{laser}$ <0.1 $μ$ m $^3$），激光阈值比双光子显微镜中通常使用的脉冲能量低500倍（$E_{th} \approx $ 0.13 pJ），并且具有优异的光谱稳定性（<50 pm波长偏移）。使用这些激光进行多重标记可以通过微孔跟踪细胞，从而为研究细胞迁移和癌症侵袭提供了强大的工具。
英文摘要：
Nanophotonic objects like plasmonic nanoparticles and colloidal quantum dots can complement the functionality of molecular dyes in biomedical optics. However, their operation is usually governed by spontaneous processes, which results in broad spectral features and limited signal-to-noise ratio, thus restricting opportunities for spectral multiplexing and sensing. Lasers provide the ultimate spectral definition and background suppression, and their integration with cells has recently been demonstrated. However, laser size and threshold remain problematic. Here, we report on the design, high-throughput fabrication and intracellular integration of semiconductor nanodisk lasers. By exploiting the large optical gain and high refractive index of GaInP/AlGaInP quantum wells, we obtain lasers with volumes 1000-fold smaller than the eukaryotic nucleus ($V_{laser}$<0.1 $μ$m$^3$), lasing thresholds 500-fold below the pulse energies typically used in two-photon microscopy ($E_{th} \approx $0.13 pJ), and excellent spectral stability (<50 pm wavelength shift). Multiplexed labelling with these lasers allows cells-tracking through micro-pores, thus providing a powerful tool to study cell migration and cancer invasion.
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