用多站点全天CAmeRA（MASCARA）研究明亮的变星
Studying bright variable stars with the Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA (MASCARA)
摘要：
多站点全天空照相机（MASCARA）旨在通过以$4<V<8.4$等监测全天空，每6.4秒采集一次数据，找到最亮的过境行星系统。北部车站自2015年2月以来一直在拉帕尔马运营。这些数据也可以用于其他科学目的，例如研究变星。在本文中，我们的目的是评估MASCARA数据的价值，研究变星，确定在何种程度上已知的变星可以恢复和特点，以及如何新的，未知的变量可以被发现。我们使用了MASCARA前14个月的数据，包括53401颗恒星的光变曲线，每个天体的通量点多达100万个。所有的恒星都与VSX星表交叉匹配，以确定已知的变量。MASCARA光变曲线的周期通量变化使用广义Lomb-Scargle周期图进行搜索。如果检测到已知变量的显著变异性，则将发现的周期和振幅与VSX数据库中列出的周期和振幅进行比较。如果未发现先前的变异性记录，则对数据进行阶段折叠以尝试分类。在MASCARA样本中的1919颗已知变星中，周期为$0.1<P<10$天，振幅为$>2\%$，并且有超过80小时的数据，$93.5\%$被恢复。此外，还确定了没有VSX记录的$210$星的周期，并新发现了$282$候选变星。奥康奈尔效应在七个食双星中被发现，其中两个没有这种效应的记录。MASCARA数据非常适合研究已知的变星。它们也是在天空中最亮的恒星中发现新变量的有力手段。需要采取后续行动，以确保观察到的变异性不是来自微弱的背景物体。
英文摘要：
The Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA (MASCARA) aims to find the brightest transiting planet systems by monitoring the full sky at magnitudes $4<V<8.4$, taking data every 6.4 seconds. The northern station has been operational on La Palma since February 2015. These data can also be used for other scientific purposes, such as the study of variable stars. In this paper we aim to assess the value of MASCARA data for studying variable stars by determining to what extent known variable stars can be recovered and characterised, and how well new, unknown variables can be discovered. We used the first 14 months of MASCARA data, consisting of the light curves of 53 401 stars with up to one million flux points per object. All stars were cross-matched with the VSX catalogue to identify known variables. The MASCARA light curves were searched for periodic flux variability using generalised Lomb-Scargle periodograms. If significant variability of a known variable was detected, the found period and amplitude were compared with those listed in the VSX database. If no previous record of variability was found, the data were phase folded to attempt a classification. Of the 1919 known variable stars in the MASCARA sample with periods $0.1<P<10$ days, amplitudes $>2\%$, and that have more than 80 hours of data, $93.5\%$ are recovered. In addition, the periods of $210$ stars without a previous VSX record were determined, and $282$ candidate variable stars were newly identified. The O'Connell effect is seen in seven eclipsing binaries, of which two have no previous record of this effect. MASCARA data are very well suited to study known variable stars. They also serve as a powerful means to find new variables among the brightest stars in the sky. Follow-up is required to ensure that the observed variability does not originate from faint background objects.
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