量子计算中的Rent法则及其可扩展性
Rent's rule and extensibility in quantum computing
摘要：
量子计算正处于从基础研究向实际应用过渡的边缘。然而，为了向大规模量子计算迈出一步，必须开发一个可扩展的量子比特系统。在经典的半导体技术中，集成电路的发明使这成为可能，集成电路允许互连大量组件，而无需焊接到每个组件。同样，我们预计，随着量子比特数量的增加，互连和控制线的规模将成为创造大规模量子技术的核心瓶颈。在这里，我们定义了量子租金指数$p$，以量化在整个量子计算堆栈的不同级别上克服这一挑战的进展。我们进一步讨论了量子可扩展性的概念，作为一个平台的潜力，以达到通用量子计算所需的大量子体积的指标，并审查可扩展性的限制所面临的不同的量子位实现的方式，真正的大规模量子位系统。
英文摘要：
Quantum computing is on the verge of a transition from fundamental research to practical applications. Yet, to make the step to large-scale quantum computation, an extensible qubit system has to be developed. In classical semiconductor technology, this was made possible by the invention of the integrated circuit, which allowed to interconnect large numbers of components without having to solder to each and every one of them. Similarly, we expect that the scaling of interconnections and control lines with the number of qubits will be a central bottleneck in creating large-scale quantum technology. Here, we define the quantum Rent's exponent $p$ to quantify the progress in overcoming this challenge at different levels throughout the quantum computing stack. We further discuss the concept of quantum extensibility as an indicator of a platform's potential to reach the large quantum volume needed for universal quantum computing and review extensibility limits faced by different qubit implementations on the way towards truly large-scale qubit systems.
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