游动的围毛细菌是由一个弹性流体动力学的不稳定性
Swimming of peritrichous bacteria is enabled by an elastohydrodynamic instability
摘要：
周围有鞭毛的细菌，如大肠杆菌，通过使用专门的马达旋转多个螺旋丝来在流体中自我推进。每个马达的旋转被传递到一个称为钩的短而灵活的部分，该部分又将其传递到鞭毛丝，从而使整个细胞能够游泳。由于多个马达在空间上分布在生物体的身体上，人们会期望来自细丝的推进力相互推动，从而导致可以忽略的游泳。我们使用的计算和理论相结合，表明多鞭毛细菌的游泳是由弹性流体动力学弯曲不稳定性发生的钩更灵活的临界阈值。使用过去的测量钩弯曲刚度，我们展示了如何设计真正的细菌，使他们能够安全地在这方面的不稳定性，促进系统的游泳。
英文摘要：
Peritrichously-flagellated bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, self-propel in fluids by using specialised motors to rotate multiple helical filaments. The rotation of each motor is transmitted to a short flexible segment called the hook which in turn transmits it to a flagellar filament, enabling swimming of the whole cell. Since multiple motors are spatially distributed on the body of the organism, one would expect the propulsive forces from the filaments to push against each other leading to negligible swimming. We use a combination of computations and theory to show that the swimming of multi-flagellated bacteria is enabled by an elastohydrodynamic bending instability occurring for hooks more flexible than a critical threshold. Using past measurements of hook bending stiffness, we demonstrate how the design of real bacteria allows them to be safely on the side of this instability that promotes systematic swimming.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
