利用商业微波网络数据重建湿度场的潜力
On the potential for reconstructing the moisture field using commercial microwave network data
摘要：
大气温室效应和地球的水文循环是地球维持生命的关键因素。水蒸气是这两种效应的核心元素，约占当今温室效应的一半，并且包括大气红外不透明度的最重要的气体源。具体来说，它是对流风暴云发展的燃料。然而，由于传统监测仪器的局限性，这一参数被认为是研究最少的参数之一。目前主要的监测工具是湿度计和卫星，它们分别缺乏空间代表性和难以在地面高度进行测量。这项研究首次展示了使用商用微波链路重建二维湿度场的潜力，这些链路构成了蜂窝网络中数据传输的基础设施。水蒸气使系统传输的波衰减，因此这些微波链路可以潜在地形成用于监测湿度场的虚拟网络。结果表明，传统湿度计与通过所提出的技术计算的空间中相同点的湿度估计值之间的相关性在0.6和0.92之间，均方根差在1.9到4.15 gr/m^3之间。所获得的结果是第一次指出改进的湿度测量性能时，使用多个微波链路的数据。这些结果表明，这种新的方法，以改善气象预报模型的初始化，从而有可能提高应对与极端天气的危险的能力的巨大潜力。
英文摘要：
The atmospheric greenhouse effect and the hydrological cycle of Earth are key components enabling the planet to support life. Water vapor is a central element in both of these, accounting for approximately half of the present day greenhouse effect, and comprising the most important gaseous source of atmospheric infrared opacity. Specifically, it functions as the fuel for the development of convective storm clouds. This parameter, however, is considered one of the least studied due to the limitations of conventional monitoring instruments. The current predominate monitoring tools are humidity gauges and satellites which suffer from a lack of spatial representativeness and difficulties in measuring at ground level altitudes, respectively. This study demonstrates for the first time the potential to reconstruct the 2-Dimensional humidity field using commercial microwave links which form the infrastructure for data transmission in cellular networks. Water vapor attenuates the waves transmitted by the system and thus these microwave links can potentially form as a virtual network for monitoring the humidity field. The results show a correlation of between 0.6 and 0.92 with root mean square differences ranging from 1.9 to 4.15 gr/m^3 between conventional humidity gauges and the humidity estimates calculated for the same points in space by the proposed technology. The results obtained are the first to point out the improved performance of humidity measurements when using data from multiple microwave links. These results indicate the tremendous potential of this novel approach for improving the initialization of meteorological forecasting models thus potentially improving the ability to cope with the dangers associated with extreme weather.
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