表型亲和力介导的相互作用可以促进合作的进化
Phenotype affinity mediated interactions can facilitate the evolution of cooperation
摘要：
我们研究了囚徒困境博弈中表型表达多样性和合作演化的协同进化动力学。而不是预先分配零或一个相互作用率，我们通过将其与共同的表型相关联来使相互作用率多样化。每个个体都携带一组潜在的可表达的表型，并以与数量成比例的成本表达一定数量的表型。表达的表型的数量以及相互作用的速率是一种可进化的性状。我们的研究结果表明，不可忽略的成本表型表达抑制表型表达，和进化的比赛主要进行合作菌株和缺陷株谁表达很少的表型。合作的菌株只表达很少的表型是值得的。虽然这种低水平的表达削弱了合作菌株之间的相互作用，但它在更大程度上降低了合作菌株和缺陷菌株之间的相互作用速率，导致合作菌株优于缺陷菌株。我们还发现，进化多样性的表型表达偶尔会不稳定，由于入侵的缺陷突变体，这意味着合作和多样性的表型表达可以相互加强对方。因此，我们的研究结果提供了新的见解，以更好地理解合作的协同进化和表型表达的多样性。
英文摘要：
We study the coevolutionary dynamics of the diversity of phenotype expression and the evolution of cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma game. Rather than pre-assigning zero-or-one interaction rate, we diversify the rate of interaction by associating it with the phenotypes shared in common. Individuals each carry a set of potentially expressible phenotypes and expresses a certain number of phenotypes at a cost proportional to the number. The number of expressed phenotypes and thus the rate of interaction is an evolvable trait. Our results show that nonnegligible cost of expressing phenotypes restrains phenotype expression, and the evolutionary race mainly proceeds on between cooperative strains and defective strains who express a very few phenotypes. It pays for cooperative strains to express a very few phenotypes. Though such a low level of expression weakens reciprocity between cooperative strains, it decelerates rate of interaction between cooperative strains and defective strains to a larger degree, leading to the predominance of cooperative strains over defective strains. We also find that evolved diversity of phenotype expression can occasionally destabilize due to the invasion of defective mutants, implying that cooperation and diversity of phenotype expression can mutually reinforce each other. Therefore, our results provide new insights into better understanding the coevolution of cooperation and the diversity of phenotype expression.
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