用Gaia~ DR1对Carte du Ciel照相底片进行数字化和天体测量定标
Digitization and astrometric calibration of Carte du Ciel photographic plates with Gaia~DR1
摘要：
我们想研究用商用数码相机数字化的Carte du Ciel底片所获得的天体测量和测光精度是否足够高，以供科学利用。我们使用佳能EOS~5DS的数码相机，用100毫米的微距镜头进行数字化。我们分析了来自Carte du Ciel赫尔辛基区（+39 ° < delta < 47 °）的六个单次曝光板和四个三次曝光板。每个板使用四个图像进行数字化，为了质量控制的目的，显著的中心区域被覆盖两次。数字化图像的天体测量校准是用来自第一个盖亚数据发布（盖亚DR 1）的盖亚TGAS（第谷-盖亚天体测量解决方案），第谷-2，HSOY（一年热料），UCAC 5（USNO CCD天体照相机目录）和PMA目录的数据完成的。最好的天体测量精度是用UCAC 5参考星获得的。单次曝光底片的天体测量精度为sigma（R.A.）= 0.16”和sigma（Dec.）= 0.15”表示为天体测量残差的高斯偏差。对于三次曝光底片，天体测量精度为sigma（R.A.）= 0.12”和sigma（Dec.）= 0.13英寸。测光校准的1-sigma不确定度对于单次和三次曝光板分别为约0.28 mag和0.24 mag。我们检测到的摄影相邻（Kostinsky）效应在三次曝光板。我们表明，精度至少扫描机的水平可以实现与数码相机，没有任何校正可能造成的失真，我们的仪器设置。该方法可快速、廉价地对旧照相底片进行标定，使旧照相底片的科学利用成为可能。
英文摘要：
We want to study whether the astrometric and photometric accuracies obtained for the Carte du Ciel plates digitized with a commercial digital camera are high enough for scientific exploitation of the plates. We use a digital camera Canon EOS~5Ds, with a 100mm macrolens for digitizing. We analyze six single-exposure plates and four triple-exposure plates from the Helsinki zone of Carte du Ciel (+39 degr < delta < 47 degr). Each plate is digitized using four images, with a significant central area being covered twice for quality control purposes. The astrometric calibration of the digitized images is done with the data from the Gaia TGAS (Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution) of the first Gaia data release (Gaia DR1), Tycho-2, HSOY (Hot Stuff for One Year), UCAC5 (USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog), and PMA catalogs. The best astrometric accuracy is obtained with the UCAC5 reference stars. The astrometric accuracy for single-exposure plates is sigma(R.A.)=0.16" and sigma(Dec.)=0.15" expressed as a Gaussian deviation of the astrometric residuals. For triple-exposure plates the astrometric accuracy is sigma(R.A.)=0.12" and sigma(Dec.)=0.13". The 1-sigma uncertainty of photometric calibration is about 0.28 mag and 0.24 mag for single- and triple-exposure plates, respectively. We detect the photographic adjacency (Kostinsky) effect in the triple-exposure plates. We show that accuracies at least of the level of scanning machines can be achieved with a digital camera, without any corrections for possible distortions caused by our instrumental setup. This method can be used to rapidly and inexpensively digitize and calibrate old photographic plates enabling their scientific exploitation.
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