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arXiv 1805.04528astro-ph.HE
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年轻核坍缩超新星遗迹的X射线吸收

X-ray Absorption in Young Core-Collapse Supernova Remnants

Dennis Alp, Josefin Larsson, Claes Fransson, M. Gabler, Annop Wongwathanarat, H. -Thomas Janka

摘要:

核心坍缩超新星(SN)爆炸喷出的物质吸收了来自中心区域的X射线。我们使用基于三维中微子驱动爆炸的SN模型来估计爆炸中心的光学深度,比较不同的祖先模型,并研究爆炸不对称性的影响。由于光吸收,在爆炸后的第一个世纪,具有剩余氢包层的祖细胞的光学深度低于2 keV,预计会很高。典型的光学深度是$100 t_4^{-2} E^{-2}$,其中$t_4$是自爆炸以来的时间,单位为10 000天(${\sim}$ 27年),$E$是能量,单位为keV。康普顿散射在50 keV以上占主导地位,但散射深度较低,并在1 MeV下的${\sim}$ 1000天内已经达到1。氢剥离的祖细胞的光学深度大约低一个数量级。SN喷出物的金属丰度远高于星际介质,这增强了光吸收,使吸收边更强。这些结果一般适用于年轻的SN遗迹,但我们详细探讨了SN 1987 A和Cas A致密天体观测的影响。SN 1987 A的吸收率很高,致密天体上${\sim}$ 100 Lsun的X射线上限比以前使用其他吸收模型估计的限制大约少一个数量级。详细情况见随附的文件。对于中心紧凑的对象在Cas A,我们发现我们更详细的吸收模型推断的表面温度没有显着的影响。

英文摘要:

The material expelled by core-collapse supernova (SN) explosions absorbs X-rays from the central regions. We use SN models based on three-dimensional neutrino-driven explosions to estimate optical depths to the center of the explosion, compare different progenitor models, and investigate the effects of explosion asymmetries. The optical depths below 2 keV for progenitors with a remaining hydrogen envelope are expected to be high during the first century after the explosion due to photoabsorption. A typical optical depth is $100 t_4^{-2} E^{-2}$, where $t_4$ is the time since the explosion in units of 10 000 days (${\sim}$27 years) and $E$ the energy in units of keV. Compton scattering dominates above 50 keV, but the scattering depth is lower and reaches unity already at ${\sim}$1000 days at 1 MeV. The optical depths are approximately an order of magnitude lower for hydrogen-stripped progenitors. The metallicity of the SN ejecta is much higher than in the interstellar medium, which enhances photoabsorption and makes absorption edges stronger. These results are applicable to young SN remnants in general, but we explore the effects on observations of SN 1987A and the compact object in Cas A in detail. For SN 1987A, the absorption is high and the X-ray upper limits of ${\sim}$100 Lsun on a compact object are approximately an order of magnitude less constraining than previous estimates using other absorption models. The details are presented in an accompanying paper. For the central compact object in Cas A, we find no significant effects of our more detailed absorption model on the inferred surface temperature.

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