研究领域演变规律
The laws of the evolution of research fields
摘要：
科学社会研究领域的一个基本问题是，研究领域如何随着时间和空间的推移而出现、发展和衰落。这项研究通过对以人类微生物组、进化机器人和天体生物学为代表的新兴研究领域进行归纳分析来面对这个问题。特别是，考虑到主题领域（即，作者的学科。研究结果提出了一些研究领域演变的经验法则：第一条法则指出，特定研究领域的演变是由少数科学学科（3- 5）驱动的，这些学科产生了80%以上的文献（科学生产的集中）;第二定律指出，研究领域的演变是关键学科的路径依赖（它可以是一个起源于研究领域的原生学科，也可以是在科学的社会动力学过程中出现的新学科）;第三定律指出，一个研究领域在其演变过程中可以由一个新学科驱动，该新学科起源于科学内部的专业化过程。本文的研究结果可以解释和概括科学领域演化的某些性质，这些性质是由于学科之间的相互作用、基础研究领域与应用研究领域的趋同以及科学研究中的跨学科性所导致的。因此，总体而言，本研究开始了尽可能澄清和概括科学的社会建构和进化属性的过程，为复杂理论的发展奠定基础。
英文摘要：
A fundamental question in the field of social studies of science is how research fields emerge, grow and decline over time and space. This study confronts this question here by developing an inductive analysis of emerging research fields represented by human microbiome, evolutionary robotics and astrobiology. In particular, number of papers from starting years to 2017 of each emerging research field is analyzed considering the subject areas (i.e., disciplines) of authors. Findings suggest some empirical laws of the evolution of research fields: the first law states that the evolution of a specific research field is driven by few scientific disciplines (3- 5) that generate more than 80% of documents (concentration of the scientific production); the second law states that the evolution of research fields is path-dependent of a critical discipline (it can be a native discipline that has originated the research field or a new discipline emerged during the social dynamics of science); the third law states that a research field can be driven during its evolution by a new discipline originated by a process of specialization within science. The findings here can explain and generalize, whenever possible some properties of the evolution of scientific fields that are due to interaction between disciplines, convergence between basic and applied research fields and interdisciplinary in scientific research. Overall, then, this study begins the process of clarifying and generalizing, as far as possible, the properties of the social construction and evolution of science to lay a foundation for the development of sophisticated theories.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
