在真实空间中狩猎美人鱼：已知的已知，已知的未知和未知的未知
Hunting Mermaids in Real Space: Known Knowns, Known Unknowns and Unknown Unknowns
摘要：
我们回顾努力实现所谓的美人鱼（或短程吸引/长程排斥）在三维真实空间的相互作用。排斥和吸引力的贡献，这些相互作用在带电的胶体和胶体聚合物的混合物，可以准确地实现，通过比较粒子分辨的研究与胶体的计算机模拟。然而，当我们回顾这些相互作用相结合的工作时，尽管早期迹象表明行为与预测一致，但更仔细的分析表明，在用于粒子分辨研究的非水体系中，将吸引力和排斥力分量相加的想法导致了与实验的严重偏差。我们认为，起源在于这些系统中的弱离子解离低介电常数溶剂。最终，这甚至会导致非中心对称的相互作用，并使这些系统的复杂性达到新的水平。
英文摘要：
We review efforts to realise so-called mermaid (or short-ranged attraction/long ranged repulsion) interactions in 3d real space. The repulsive and attractive contributions to these interactions in charged colloids and colloid-polymer mixtures, may be accurately realised, by comparing particle-resolved studies with colloids to computer simulation. However, when we review work where these interactions have been combined, despite early indications of behaviour consistent with predictions, closer analysis reveals that in the non-aqueous systems used for particle-resolved studies, the idea of summing the attractive and repulsive components leads to wild deviations with experiment. We suggest that the origin lies in the weak ion dissociation in these systems with low dielectric constant solvents. Ultimately this leads even to non-centro-symmetric interactions and a new level of complexity in these systems.
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