比特币区块链分析：采用背后的社会经济因素
Analysis of the Bitcoin blockchain: Socio-economic factors behind the adoption
摘要：
作为2009年与区块链一起推出的第一种去中心化数字货币，比特币为发达国家和发展中国家提供了新的机会。比特币点对点交易独立于银行系统，因此可以以较低的交易费用促进外汇交易，如汇款，具有高度的匿名性。这些机会以及其他关键因素导致比特币变得非常受欢迎，并使其价格在2017年飙升。然而，虽然比特币区块链吸引了很多关注，但由于该系统的伪匿名性，因此很难调查这种关注来自何处，因此很难了解其社会影响。在这里，我们试图按国家来描述比特币区块链的采用情况。在工作的第一部分中，我们展示了有关比特币软件客户端下载数量的信息，作为交易中继的IP地址，以及关于比特币的互联网搜索，这些信息共同提供了不同国家系统演变的连贯画面。使用这些数量作为用户采用的代理，我们确定了几个社会经济指标，如人均国内生产总值，贸易自由度和互联网普及率作为与用户采用程度相关的关键变量。在工作的第二部分，我们使用中继交易的节点的IP地址在国家之间建立了一个比特币交易网络，并开发了一个增强版的贸易引力模型，以确定与国家之间比特币流动相关的社会经济因素。简而言之，我们的研究为各国比特币的采用以及国际比特币流动的潜在社会经济驱动因素提供了新的见解。
英文摘要：
As the first decentralized digital currency introduced in 2009 together with the blockchain, Bitcoin offers new opportunities both for developed and developing countries. Bitcoin peer-to-peer transactions are independent of the banking system, thus facilitating foreign exchanges with low transaction fees such as remittances, with a high degree of anonymity. These opportunities together with other key factors led the Bitcoin to become extremely popular and made its price skyrocket during 2017. However, while the Bitcoin blockchain attracts a lot of attention, it remains difficult to investigate where this attention comes from, due to the pseudo-anonymity of the system, and consequently to appreciate its social impact. Here we make an attempt to characterize the adoption of the bitcoin blockchain by country. In the first part of the work we show that information about the number of Bitcoin software client downloads, the IP addresses that act as relays for the transactions, and the Internet searches about Bitcoin provide together a coherent picture of the system evolution in different countries. Using these quantities as a proxy for user adoption, we identified several socio-economic indexes such as the GDP per capita, freedom of trade and the Internet penetration as key variables correlated with the degree of user adoption. In the second part of the work, we build a network of Bitcoin transactions between countries using the IP addresses of nodes relaying transactions and we develop an augmented version of the gravity model of trade in order to identify socio-economic factors linked to the flow of bitcoins between countries. In a nutshell our study provides a new insight on the bitcoin adoption by country and on the potential socio-economic drivers of the international bitcoin flow.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
