普通多极子以外的电磁源
Electromagnetic sources beyond common multipoles
摘要：
电磁源的完整动态多极展开式包含了比通常认为的更多类型的多极项。环形多极子是近年来被广泛研究的这种贡献的例子之一。在这里，我们更仔细地检查另一种通常被忽视的术语，即均方半径。特别是，我们讨论了定量和定性方面的均方半径，并提供了一个通用的几何框架，其可视化。我们还考虑了均方半径在扩展非平凡非辐射电磁源族中的作用。
英文摘要：
The complete dynamic multipole expansion of electromagnetic sources contains more types of multipole terms than it is conventionally perceived. The toroidal multipoles are one of the examples of such contributions that have been widely studied in recent years. Here we inspect more closely the other type of commonly overlooked terms known as the mean-square radii. In particular, we discuss both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the mean-square radii and provide a general geometrical framework for their visualization. We also consider the role of the mean-square radii in expanding the family of non-trivial non-radiating electromagnetic sources.
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