在地中海中部小型海上漂浮物的模拟：海上分布的季节性
Modeling of small sea floaters in the central Mediterranean Sea: seasonality of at-sea distributions
摘要：
漂浮的海洋废弃物对海洋和沿海生态构成威胁。由于地中海盆地是受海岸污染和海上交通影响最严重的地区之一，因此漂浮污染物对该地区海洋生态学的潜在危害可能是压倒性的。我们的研究区域涵盖了连接地中海西部和东部的地中海中部过境点，是受高强度海上交通影响的地区之一。为了确定地中海中部可能更多地暴露于高浓度漂浮海洋污染物的区域，我们使用Leeway模型来计算低风阻的小尺寸颗粒。我们进行数值模拟的拉格朗日粒子，近似在海上碎片的大合奏。这些粒子是由哥白尼海洋环境监测服务（CMEMS）的高分辨率海洋运动学和欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）的10米大气风在2013年至2016年夏季和冬季两个参考期内产生的。我们确定的区域与高积累的颗粒在每单位面积的颗粒表面密度。虽然洋流和大气风的季节性和年度变化是一个重要的因素，影响整个地中海中部的积累制度，我们发现，利比亚大陆架的边界窝藏30天的模拟后，粒子的百分比较大。
英文摘要：
Floating marine debris represent a threat to marine and coastal ecology. Since the Mediterranean basin is one of the highly impacted regions, both by the coastal pollution as well as from sea traffic, the potential harm of a floating pollution on the marine ecology could be overwhelming in this area. Our study area covers the central Mediterranean crossing that connects the western and eastern Mediterranean and is one of the areas impacted by a high intensity of sea traffic. To identify regions in the central Mediterranean that could be more exposed by high concentration of floating marine pollutants we use Leeway model for lower windage small-size particles. We perform numerical simulation of a large ensemble of Lagrangian particles that approximate at-sea debris. The particles are forced by high-resolution sea kinematics from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) and 10 m atmospheric wind from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for two reference periods in summer and winter of 2013--2016. We identify the regions with a high accumulation of particles in terms of particle surface densities per unit area. Although seasonal and annual variability of ocean current and atmospheric wind is an important factor that influences accumulation regimes across the central Mediterranean, we found that the border of the Libyan shelf harbors larger percentage of particles after 30 days of simulation.
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