微非正交光晶格中喇曼冷却的增强相干性
Increased Dimensionality of Raman Cooling in a Slightly Nonorthogonal Optical Lattice
摘要：
实验研究了二维光晶格中的微小非正交性对分辨边带拉曼冷却的影响。我们发现，当两个晶格方向的陷阱频率相等时，组合势的陷阱频率呈现出避免交叉的特性，相应的本征模相对于晶格梁旋转了45度。因此，调谐陷阱频率使得可以旋转本征模，使得两个本征模在晶格平面中的任何期望方向上，特别是在拉曼冷却工作的方向上具有大的投影。利用这一点，我们实现了二维拉曼基态冷却的几何形状，这将是不可能的，如果本征模不旋转。我们的实验是在光学谐振腔中用单个原子进行的，但这是不必要的，预计该方案在其他情况下也会同样有效。
英文摘要：
We experimentally study the effect of a slight nonorthogonality in a two-dimensional optical lattice onto resolved-sideband Raman cooling. We find that when the trap frequencies of the two lattice directions are equal, the trap frequencies of the combined potential exhibit an avoided crossing and the corresponding eigenmodes are rotated by 45 degrees relative to the lattice beams. Hence, tuning the trap frequencies makes it possible to rotate the eigenmodes such that both eigenmodes have a large projection onto any desired direction in the lattice plane, in particular, onto the direction along which Raman cooling works. Using this, we achieve two-dimensional Raman ground-state cooling in a geometry where this would be impossible, if the eigenmodes were not rotated. Our experiment is performed with a single atom inside an optical resonator but this is inessential and the scheme is expected to work equally well in other situations.
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