arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
北美退伍军人节(Veterans Day),12 日无更新
arXiv 1804.05069astro-ph.EP
收藏

识别膨胀的超级地球和光蒸发的核心

Identifying inflated super-Earths and photo-evaporated cores

Daniel Carrera, Eric B. Ford, Andre Izidoro, Daniel Jontof-Hutter, Sean N. Raymond, Angie Wolfgang

摘要:

我们提出的经验证据,支持行星形成模型,表明曲线$R/R_\oplus = 1.05\,(F/F_\oplus)^{0.11}$近似的位置,所谓的光蒸发谷。低于这条曲线的行星可能经历了完全的光蒸发,而在它上面的行星似乎有膨胀的半径;因此,我们确定了一个新的膨胀的超级地球和迷你海王星种群。我们的N体模拟设置在一个不断发展的原行星盘内,包括轨道迁移,气体吸积和由于巨大撞击造成的大气损失的处方。我们的模拟系统与开普勒目录中超级地球的大小和周期大致匹配。它们还再现了同一系统中相邻行星的相对大小,除了跨越光蒸发谷的行星对。后一组行星的大小比要么很大,要么很小($R_{\rm out} / R_{\rm in} \gg 1$或$R_{\rm out} / R_{\rm in} \ll 1$),而且大小比接近1。如果在光蒸发谷之外的行星(通常是外行星,但有时不是)的大气层因恒星照射而显着膨胀,这种特征似乎可以重现。这些新的行星群可能是未来詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜进行凌日光谱观测的理想目标。

英文摘要:

We present empirical evidence, supported by a planet formation model, to show that the curve $R/R_\oplus = 1.05\,(F/F_\oplus)^{0.11}$ approximates the location of the so-called photo-evaporation valley. Planets below that curve are likely to have experienced complete photo-evaporation, and planets just above it appear to have inflated radii; thus we identify a new population of inflated super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. Our N-body simulations are set within an evolving protoplanetary disk and include prescriptions for orbital migration, gas accretion, and atmospheric loss due to giant impacts. Our simulated systems broadly match the sizes and periods of super-Earths in the Kepler catalog. They also reproduce the relative sizes of adjacent planets in the same system, with the exception of planet pairs that straddle the photo-evaporation valley. This latter group is populated by planet pairs with either very large or very small size ratios ($R_{\rm out} / R_{\rm in} \gg 1$ or $R_{\rm out} / R_{\rm in} \ll 1$) and a dearth of size ratios near unity. It appears that this feature could be reproduced if the planet outside the photo-evaporation valley (typically the outer planet, but some times not) has its atmosphere significantly expanded by stellar irradiation. This new population of planets may be ideal targets for future transit spectroscopy observations with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑