探测和表征引力波回波的形态无关数据分析方法
A morphology-independent data analysis method for detecting and characterizing gravitational wave echoes
摘要：
直接探测引力波的能力使我们能够凭经验探索超紧凑相对论物体的性质。对于经典广义相对论中的黑洞，已经提出了几种替代方案，它们没有视界，在这种情况下，一个新形成的物体（例如，作为双星合并的结果）可能会发射回波：具有不同幅度和持续时间的引力辐射爆发，但到达的时间间隔是固定的。与以前的模板为基础的方法不同，我们提出了一种形态独立的搜索方法来找到回波的数据从引力波探测器，基于分解的信号中的广义小波组成的多个正弦高斯。的方法来区分回波和仪器噪声的能力进行评估，通过插入到噪声中的两个不同的信号：一个训练的正弦高斯，和一个回声信号从一个极端的质量比螺旋的粒子到史瓦西真空时空，反射边界条件接近地平线。我们发现，这两种类型的信号是可检测的合理的信噪比在现有的探测器和他们不久的将来升级。最后，我们展示了如何该算法可以提供一个表征的回声在连续的突发之间的时间，阻尼和扩大从一个回声到下一个。
英文摘要：
The ability to directly detect gravitational waves has enabled us to empirically probe the nature of ultra-compact relativistic objects. Several alternatives to the black holes of classical general relativity have been proposed which do not have a horizon, in which case a newly formed object (e.g. as a result of binary merger) may emit echoes: bursts of gravitational radiation with varying amplitude and duration, but arriving at regular time intervals. Unlike in previous template-based approaches, we present a morphology-independent search method to find echoes in the data from gravitational wave detectors, based on a decomposition of the signal in terms of generalized wavelets consisting of multiple sine-Gaussians. The ability of the method to discriminate between echoes and instrumental noise is assessed by inserting into the noise two different signals: a train of sine-Gaussians, and an echoing signal from an extreme mass-ratio inspiral of a particle into a Schwarzschild vacuum spacetime, with reflective boundary conditions close to the horizon. We find that both types of signals are detectable for plausible signal-to-noise ratios in existing detectors and their near-future upgrades. Finally, we show how the algorithm can provide a characterization of the echoes in terms of the time between successive bursts, and damping and widening from one echo to the next.
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