低成本Disdrometer和turbulence传感器的设计与制作
Design and fabrication of low cost Disdrometer and turbulence sensor
摘要：
雨滴仪检测降雨中雨滴的大小和速度。它们通过撞击或基于光学的方法检测液滴。基于光学的，使用光源和光学检测器。液滴穿过光在探测器上产生阴影。这种强度和持续时间的变化提供了液滴的大小和速度。而基于碰撞的方法利用peizo元件在液滴与传感器碰撞时通过物理动量传递来感测液滴。除了技术上的差异外，这两种流量计的成本范围相似。风湍流传感器通过采用各种工作原理（如热风速计、激光多普勒风速计等）来检测风速梯度。在热风速计中，加热元件保持在恒定温度。当风流动时，它将一些热能从元素中带走。激光多普勒风速计的工作原理是测量气流中移动粒子散射光的波长变化。激光多普勒风速计的工作原理是测量气流中移动粒子散射光的波长变化。这些技术在测量空气中的湍流方面非常准确，但成本较高。针对成本效益和可接受的性能的设备，一个新的概念，在一个单一的设备，研究其可行性，作为一个disdrometer和湍流传感器。它采用了电磁感应原理和悬臂梁对脉冲的响应。基于这些原理，设计并制作了一套雨滴粒径和风湍流度的检测装置。它是用现成的材料制成的。与标准商业仪器相比，在实验室条件下对器械进行的测试获得了令人满意的结果。
英文摘要：
Disdrometers detects size and speed of falling rain droplets in a rainfall. They detect droplets either by impact or optical based methods. Optical based ones, use light source and an optical detector. Droplet crossing the light creates shadow on the detector. This change in the intensity and duration of change provides the size and speed of the droplet. Whereas the impact based method utilizes peizo elements to sense the droplet by physical momentum transfer at the time of droplets impact with the sensor. Apart from the technical differences in them, both of these disdrometers fall in the similar cost range. Wind turbulence sensors works on detection of gradients in wind speeds by employing various working principles like thermal anemometer, laser Doppler anemometer, etc. In thermo anemometers, a heating element is maintained at a constant temperature. As the wind flows, it carries some heat energy away from the element. This causes a change in the resistance in the heating element providing further change in voltages across it. Laser Doppler anemometers work on change in wavelength of light scattered by a moving particle which is caught in the wind flow. These techniques are highly accurate in measuring the turbulence in the air but at elevated costs. Aimed at cost efficacy and acceptable performance of the device, a novel concept was implemented in a single device to study its feasibility to work as a disdrometer and a turbulence sensor. It employs the principles of electromagnetic induction and response of a cantilever to impulses. Based on these principles, a device was designed and fabricated to detect rain droplet size and wind turbulence. It was fabricated from readily available materials. The testing of the device in laboratory conditions yielded satisfactory results as compare to the standard commercial instruments.
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