无线胶囊内窥镜天线系统的设计、分析和实验验证
Antenna Systems for Wireless Capsule Endoscope: Design, Analysis and Experimental Validation
摘要：
无线胶囊式内窥镜（WCE）系统用于捕获人体消化道的图像以用于医疗应用。天线是WCE系统中最重要的部件之一。在本文中，我们提供了新颖的小型天线解决方案的WCE系统工作在433 MHz的ISM频段。体内胶囊发射器使用超宽带外壁共形环形天线，而体上接收器使用带有部分接地层的印刷天线。采用结肠等效组织体模和CST Gustav体素人体模型对胶囊天线进行了数值研究。在结肠组织体模的模拟结果进行了验证，通过在体外测量使用液体体模。根据体模模拟，胶囊天线在309至1104 MHz范围内具有-10 dB阻抗匹配。超宽带特性使得胶囊天线能够容忍由于胶囊中的电子模块以及由于胃肠道中的各种不同组织的接近而引起的失谐效应。在结肠组织体模和CST Gustav体素人体模型上对在体天线进行数值评估，然后进行体外和离体测量以进行确认。在模拟和测量中，在390 MHz至500 MHz范围内，体上天线的阻抗匹配超过-10 dB。最后，本文报告了数值和实验研究的路径损耗之间的无线电链路的胶囊发射器和身体上的接收器使用我们的天线解决方案。在模拟和测量的路径损耗是小于50分贝的任何胶囊的方向和位置。
英文摘要：
Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) systems are used to capture images of the human digestive tract for medical applications. The antenna is one of the most important components in a WCE system. In this paper, we provide novel small antenna solutions for a WCE system operating at the 433 MHz ISM band. The in-body capsule transmitter uses an ultrawideband outer-wall conformal loop antenna, whereas the on-body receiver uses a printed monopole antenna with a partial ground plane. A colon-equivalent tissue phantom and CST Gustav voxel human body model were used for the numerical studies of the capsule antenna. The simulation results in the colon-tissue phantom were validated through in-vitro measurements using a liquid phantom. According to the phantom simulations, the capsule antenna has -10 dB impedance matching from 309 to 1104 MHz. The ultrawideband characteristic enables the capsule antenna to tolerate the detuning effects due to electronic modules in the capsule and due to the proximity of various different tissues in gastrointestinal tracts. The on-body antenna was numerically evaluated on the colon-tissue phantom and the CST Gustav voxel human body model, followed by in-vitro and ex-vivo measurements for validation. The on-body antenna exceeds -10 dB impedance matching from 390 MHz to 500 MHz both in simulations and measurements. Finally, this paper reports numerical and experimental studies of the path loss for the radio link between an in-body capsule transmitter and an on-body receiver using our antenna solutions. The path loss both in simulations and measurements is less than 50 dB for any capsule orientation and location.
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