费米子准粒子在Minkowski空间中的Condensed matter实现
Condensed matter realization of fermion quasiparticles in Minkowski space
摘要：
“空间和时间有什么区别？”“是一个古老的问题，仍然是一个激烈的辩论问题。在牛顿力学中，时间是绝对的，而在爱因斯坦的相对论中，时间和空间结合成闵可夫斯基时空。本文首次提出了2+1维闵可夫斯基时空中的闵可夫斯基费米子，它具有两个类空和一个类时动量轴。这些准粒子可以进一步分类为Klein-Gordon费米子和Dirac-Minkowski费米子根据线性和二次色散的激发。实现Dirac-Minkowski准粒子需要系统具有特殊的拓扑双曲线带退化，如双曲节线或共面带交叉。借助第一性原理计算，我们发现在亚稳体硼同素异形体Pnnm-B16中实现了新的无质量Dirac-Minkowski费米子.
英文摘要：
"What is the difference between space and time?" is an ancient question that remains a matter of intense debate. In Newtonian mechanics time is absolute, while in Einstein's theory of relativity time and space combine into Minkowski spacetime. Here, we firstly propose Minkowski fermions in 2+1 dimensional Minkowski spacetime which have two space-like and one time-like momentum axes. These quasiparticles can be further classified as Klein-Gordon fermions and Dirac-Minkowski fermions according to the linearly and quadratically dispersing excitations. Realization of Dirac-Minkowski quasiparticles requires systems with particular topological nodal-line band degeneracies, such as hyperbolic nodal lines or coplanar band crossings. With the help of first-principles calculations we find that novel massless Dirac-Minkowski fermions are realized in a metastable bulk boron allotrope, Pnnm-B16.
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