集成UML和服务精化的需求建模与分析
Integrating UML with Service Refinement for Requirements Modeling and Analysis
摘要：
统一建模语言（UML）是需求建模和系统设计的事实标准。UML作为一种可视化语言，可以极大地帮助客户、项目经理和开发人员指定目标系统的需求。然而，UML缺乏精确描述需求的能力，如系统操作的契约，并验证需求的一致性和细化。这些缺点导致了软件开发过程的早期阶段很难发现软件的潜在缺陷，从而需要在软件测试中付出更多的努力来发现缺陷。服务精化是一种形式化的方法，可以作为对UML的补充。在本文中，我们展示了如何集成UML与服务细化来指定需求，并通过一个在线购物系统的案例研究，验证了一致性和细化的需求。特别地，需求建模通过UML图，其中包括a）用例图，b）系统序列图和c）概念类图。服务精化通过引入契约来增强需求模型。此外，通过服务精化可以验证需求模型的一致性和精化性。我们的方法表明，将UML与服务细化相结合，与仅使用UML进行需求建模相比，实现一致性需求所需的工作量更少。
英文摘要：
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the de facto standard for requirements modeling and system design. UML as a visual language can tremendously help customers, project managers, and developers to specify the requirements of a target system. However, UML lacks the ability to specify the requirements precisely such as the contracts of the system operation, and verify the consistency and refinement of the requirements. These disadvantages result in that the potential faults of software are hard to be discovered in the early stage of software development process, and then requiring more efforts in software testing to find the bugs. Service refinement is a formal method, which could be a supplement to enhance the UML. In this paper, we show how to integrate UML with service refinement to specify requirements, and verify the consistency and refinements of the requirements through a case study of online shopping system. Particularly, requirements are modeled through UML diagrams, which includes a) use case diagram, b) system sequence diagrams and c) conceptual class diagram. Service refinement enhances the requirements model by introducing the contracts. Furthermore, the consistency and refinements of requirement model can be verified through service refinement. Our approach demonstrates integrating UML with service refinement can require fewer efforts to achieve the consistency requirements than only using UML for requirement modeling.
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