基于弱子模块的受控孤岛
Controlled Islanding via Weak Submodularity
摘要：
级联故障通常发生在电力系统中的大扰动之后，例如发电机组或输电线路的跳闸。这种故障会传播并破坏整个电力系统的稳定性，可能导致大范围停电。缓解即将发生的连锁故障的一种方法是通过受控孤岛化，其中一组输电线路被故意跳闸，以将不稳定系统划分为几个不相交的内部稳定的岛屿。选择这样一组传输线本质上是一个组合最优化问题。目前的方法解决这个问题，在两个步骤：首先将相干发电机分组，然后将发电机组分成不同的岛屿与最小的负载发电不平衡。然而，这些方法是基于计算昂贵的算法，不提供最优性保证。本文提出了一种基于弱子模块度的可控孤岛化方法。我们的配方共同捕捉最小的发电机非相干性和最小的负载生成不平衡的一个目标函数。我们放松的问题，制定有界的子模块比和拟阵约束，并提出了一个近似算法，实现了可证明的最优约束的非一致性和负载生成的不平衡。该框架在IEEE 39节点和118节点电力系统上进行了测试。
英文摘要：
Cascading failures typically occur following a large disturbance in power systems, such as tripping of a generating unit or a transmission line. Such failures can propagate and destabilize the entire power system, potentially leading to widespread outages. One approach to mitigate impending cascading failures is through controlled islanding, in which a set of transmission lines is deliberately tripped to partition the unstable system into several disjoint, internally stable islands. Selecting such a set of transmission lines is inherently a combinatorial optimization problem. Current approaches address this problem in two steps: first classify coherent generators into groups and then separate generator groups into different islands with minimal load-generation imbalance. These methods, however, are based on computationally expensive heuristics that do not provide optimality guarantees. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to controlled islanding based on weak submodularity. Our formulation jointly captures the minimal generator non-coherency and minimal load-generation imbalance in one objective function. We relax the problem to a formulation with bounded submodularity ratio and a matroid constraint, and propose an approximation algorithm which achieves a provable optimality bound on non-coherency and load-generation imbalance. The proposed framework is tested on IEEE 39-bus and 118-bus power systems.
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