最大质量太阳星云与行星的早期形成
The Maximum Mass Solar Nebula and the early formation of planets
摘要：
当前的行星形成理论为解释这一领域的一系列新观测数据提供了成功的框架。然而，两个主要理论（核心吸积，引力不稳定性）都无法解释一些关键方面。在许多行星形成计算中，通常将行星形成盘的初始性质（质量、半径等）自由参数。在本文中，我们强调的重要性，设置形成的行星形成盘的背景下形成的中心恒星。通过探索盘形成的早期阶段，我们引入了最大质量太阳星云（MMSN）的概念，而不是经常使用的最小质量太阳星云（这里是mmSN）。很明显，几乎所有的原行星盘都是在强烈的自引力状态下开始演化的。在协议几乎所有以前的工作在这一领域，我们的结论是，在规模相关的行星形成这些磁盘不是重力不稳定的气体碎片，而是形成强大的，短暂的螺旋臂。这些螺旋臂可以作为有效的灰尘捕集器，允许灰尘（但不是气体）的积累和随后的破碎。这一阶段很可能在短时间尺度上用相对较大的星子填充圆盘，而圆盘仍然被尘埃气体包层所掩盖。重要的是，早期形成的大型微行星克服了核心吸积模型中的主要障碍。对这幅图像的一个预测是，基本上所有可观测到的原行星盘都已经是行星的宿主。
英文摘要：
Current planet formation theories provide successful frameworks with which to interpret the array of new observational data in this field. However, each of the two main theories (core accretion, gravitational instability) is unable to explain some key aspects. In many planet formation calculations, it is usual to treat the initial properties of the planet forming disc (mass, radius, etc.) as free parameters. In this paper, we stress the importance of setting the formation of planet forming discs within the context of the formation of the central stars. By exploring the early stages of disc formation, we introduce the concept of the Maximum Mass Solar Nebula (MMSN), as opposed to the oft-used Minimum Mass Solar Nebula (here mmsn). It is evident that almost all protoplanetary discs start their evolution in a strongly self-gravitating state. In agreement with almost all previous work in this area, we conclude that on the scales relevant to planet formation these discs are not gravitationally unstable to gas fragmentation, but instead form strong, transient spiral arms. These spiral arms can act as efficient dust traps allowing the accumulation and subsequent fragmentation of the dust (but not the gas). This phase is likely to populate the disc with relatively large planetesimals on short timescales while the disc is still veiled by a dusty-gas envelope. Crucially, the early formation of large planetesimals overcomes the main barriers remaining within the core accretion model. A prediction of this picture is that essentially all observable protoplanetary discs are already planet hosting.
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