网络入侵物种对大型生态网络的影响
Impact of cyber-invasive species on a large ecological network
摘要：
由于引入种的影响通过营养级级联，它们可能造成间接和违反直觉的影响。为了研究入侵物种在网络尺度上的影响，我们使用了一个广义的食物网〈动〉<动>模型，该模型能够通过网络传播变化，并具有一系列生态现实标准。使用来自英国近海小岛的数据，我们量化了四种虚拟入侵物种（食虫动物，食草动物，食肉动物和杂食动物，其饮食是基于大鼠）的影响，并探索哪些物种集群以类似的方式反应。我们发现，对入侵物种的影响的预测在生态学上是合理的，即使对于大型网络，也可以获得对入侵物种影响的可靠预测。同一分类群中的物种同样受到虚拟入侵物种的影响。然而，在一个特定的分类群内可能会出现有趣的差异。结果表明，一些本地物种可能面临比以前认为的更广泛的入侵风险。这些结果的生态学家和土地管理者的影响进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
As impacts of introduced species cascade through trophic levels, they can cause indirect and counter-intuitive effects. To investigate the impact of invasive species at the network scale, we use a generalized food web model, capable of propagating changes through networks with a series of ecologically realistic criteria. Using data from a small British offshore island, we quantify the impacts of four virtual invasive species (an insectivore, a herbivore, a carnivore and an omnivore whose diet is based on a rat) and explore which clusters of species react in similar ways. We find that the predictions for the impacts of invasive species are ecologically plausible, even for large networks robust predictions for the impacts of invasive species can be obtained. Species in the same taxonomic group are similarly impacted by a virtual invasive species. However, interesting differences within a given taxonomic group can occur. The results suggest that some native species may be at risk from a wider range of invasives than previously believed. The implications of these results for ecologists and land managers are discussed.
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