限制在透明晶体内的极高能量密度：固体-等离子体-固体转变、现状和前景
Extreme energy density confined inside a transparent crystal: Solid - plasma - solid transformations, status and perspectives
摘要：
在过去的十年中，已经证明超短强激光脉冲紧密地聚焦在透明电介质内部深处产生超过几个MJ/cm 3的能量密度。这种具有极高加热和淬火速率的能量集中导致不寻常的固体-等离子体-固体转化路径，克服了形成先前未知的高压材料相的动力学障碍，这些高压材料相保存在周围的原始晶体中。这些结果是在空间和时间上具有高斯形状的脉冲下得到的。最近表明，贝塞尔形脉冲可以转化更大量的材料，并且据称产生比高斯（GB）脉冲实现的更高的能量密度。在这里，我们提出了一个简洁的回顾以前的结果，并讨论了可能的路线，实现更高的能量密度采用贝塞尔光束（BB），并利用其独特的属性。
英文摘要：
It was demonstrated during the past decade that ultrashort intense laser pulse tightly focused deep inside a transparent dielectric generates the energy density in excess of several MJ/cm3. Such energy concentration with extremely high heating and quenching rates leads to unusual solid-plasma-solid transformation paths overcoming kinetic barriers to formation of previously unknown high-pressure material phases, which are preserved in the surrounding pristine crystal. These results were obtained with the pulse of Gaussian shape in space and in time. Recently it was shown that the Bessel-shaped pulse could transform much larger amount of a material and allegedly create even higher energy density than that was achieved with the Gaussian (GB) pulses. Here we present a succinct review of previous results and discuss the possible routes for achieving higher energy density employing the Bessel beams (BB) and take advantage of its unique properties.
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