PTF11qcj的双峰射电光变曲线
The double-peaked radio light curve of PTF11qcj
摘要：
我们对PTF 11 qcj进行了持续的射电跟踪观测，PTF 11 qcj是一颗高能宽线Ic型超新星（SN），其射电峰值亮度与SN 1998 bw相关的$γ$射线暴（GRB）相当。最新的观测结果，进行了与卡尔G。Jansky甚大阵列（VLA），在PTF 11 qcj光学发现5年后扩展到$\sim$。射电光变曲线呈双峰型，可能与星周介质（CSM）的密度变化有关，也可能与离轴伽玛暴喷流的存在有关。在射电光变曲线的两个峰值期间拍摄的PTF 11 qcj的光谱并没有显示出通常从富氢拱星相互作用中预期的宽氢$α$特征。CSM相互作用场景内的第二个无线电峰值的建模需要一个更平坦的密度分布和增强的祖质量损失率相比，那些需要建模的第一个峰值。虽然我们的无线电数据本身不能排除另一种情况下的离轴伽玛暴供电的第二个无线电峰值，隐含的离轴伽玛暴参数是不寻常的宇宙学长伽玛暴的典型值相比。在第二个射电峰值前后进行的深层X射线观测可能有助于区分密度变化和离轴伽玛射线暴。未来对PTF11qcj射电喷出物的VLBA测量可能会明确排除离轴GRB喷流的情况。
英文摘要：
We present continued radio follow-up observations of PTF11qcj, a highly energetic broad-lined Type Ic supernova (SN), with a radio peak luminosity comparable to that of the $γ$-ray burst (GRB) associated SN 1998bw. The latest observations, carried out with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), extend up to $\sim$5 years after the PTF11qcj optical discovery. The radio light curve shows a double-peak profile, possibly associated with density variations in the circumstellar medium (CSM), or with the presence of an off-axis GRB jet. Optical spectra of PTF11qcj taken during both peaks of the radio light curve do not show the broad H$α$ features typically expected from H-rich circumstellar interaction. Modeling of the second radio peak within the CSM interaction scenario requires a flatter density profile and an enhanced progenitor mass-loss rate compared to those required to model the first peak. Although our radio data alone cannot rule out the alternative scenario of an off-axis GRB powering the second radio peak, the implied off-axis GRB parameters are unusual compared to typical values found for cosmological long GRBs. Deep X-ray observations carried out around the time of the second radio peak could have helped distinguish between the density variation and off-axis GRB scenarios. Future VLBA measurements of the PTF11qcj radio ejecta may unambiguously rule out the off-axis GRB jet scenario.
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