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arXiv 1802.09602astro-ph.EP
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直接成像任务的系外行星分类和产额估算

Exoplanet Classification and Yield Estimates for Direct Imaging Missions

Ravi kumar Kopparapu, Eric Hebrard, Rus Belikov, Natalie M. Batalha, Gijs D. Mulders, Chris Stark, Dillon Teal, Shawn Domagal-Goldman, Avi Mandell

摘要:

目前正在研究的未来NASA概念任务,如可居住系外行星成像任务(HabEx)和大型紫外线光学红外(LUVOIR)勘测者,将发现大量多样性的系外行星。我们在这里提出了一个分类方案,根据它们的大小和入射恒星通量将系外行星分为不同的类别,目的是提供预期数量的系外行星观测(产量)与直接成像任务。这种分类的界限可以利用已知的气体和冷凝物在行星大气中不同压力和温度下的化学行为来计算。在这项研究中,我们首先专注于闪锌矿ZnS,H2O,CO2和CH 4的冷凝曲线。这些物质在行星大气中凝聚的顺序定义了不同类别行星之间的界限。广义上,行星根据其大小分为岩石行星(0.5 - 1.0RE)、超级地球行星(1.0- 1.75RE)、次海王星行星(1.75-3.5RE)、次木星行星(3.5 - 6.0RE)和木星行星(6-14.3RE),并根据入射恒星通量分为“热”、“暖”和“冷”。然后,利用NASA系外行星计划分析组的科学分析组-13(SAG-13)的社区协调结果,计算了不同类型系外行星在这些边界内的行星出现率η_{planet}。这些发生率估计值又用于估计不同望远镜直径的直接成像任务的预期系外行星产量。

英文摘要:

Future NASA concept missions that are currently under study, like Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission (HabEx) & Large Ultra-Violet Optical Infra Red (LUVOIR) Surveyor, would discover a large diversity of exoplanets. We propose here a classification scheme that distinguishes exoplanets into different categories based on their size and incident stellar flux, for the purpose of providing the expected number of exoplanets observed (yield) with direct imaging missions. The boundaries of this classification can be computed using the known chemical behavior of gases and condensates at different pressures and temperatures in a planetary atmosphere. In this study, we initially focus on condensation curves for sphalerite ZnS, H2O, CO2 and CH4. The order in which these species condense in a planetary atmosphere define the boundaries between different classes of planets. Broadly, the planets are divided into rocky (0.5 - 1.0RE), super-Earths (1.0- 1.75RE), sub-Neptunes (1.75-3.5RE), sub-Jovians (3.5 - 6.0RE) and Jovians (6-14.3RE) based on their planet sizes, and 'hot', 'warm' and 'cold' based on the incident stellar flux. We then calculate planet occurrence rates within these boundaries for different kinds of exoplanets, η_{planet}, using the community co-ordinated results of NASA's Exoplanet Program Analysis Group's Science Analysis Group-13 (SAG-13). These occurrence rate estimates are in turn used to estimate the expected exoplanet yields for direct imaging missions of different telescope diameter.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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