稀土磁性二聚体的分形普适性
Fractal Universality in Near-Threshold Magnetic Lanthanide Dimers
摘要：
各态历经的量子系统通常非常相似，而非各态历经的分形系统则是独特的，并显示出特有的性质。我们探讨这些分形系统之一，弱结合稀土镝分子，在外部磁场。正如最近所显示的，碰撞超冷磁性镝原子显示出轻微无序的软混沌行为。我们通过研究大分子波函数的广义逆参与比和分形维数来拓宽这一分类。我们精确的密耦合模拟揭示了从部分局域态到完全离域态的动态相变，以及通过将磁场强度增加到仅100高斯（或10 mT）来实现其分布的普遍性。最后，我们证明了系统中存在非遍历的离域相，并解释了近阈值分子态与附近连续谱的强耦合对遍历性的破坏。
英文摘要：
Ergodic quantum systems are often quite alike, whereas nonergodic, fractal systems are unique and display characteristic properties. We explore one of these fractal systems, weakly bound dysprosium lanthanide molecules, in an external magnetic field. As recently shown, colliding ultracold magnetic dysprosium atoms display a soft chaotic behavior with a small degree of disorder. We broaden this classification by investigating the generalized inverse participation ratio and fractal dimensions for large sets of molecular wave functions. Our exact close-coupling simulations reveal a dynamic phase transition from partially localized states to totally delocalized states and universality in its distribution by increasing the magnetic field strength to only a hundred Gauss (or 10 mT). Finally, we prove the existence of nonergodic delocalized phase in the system and explain the violation of ergodicity by strong coupling between near-threshold molecular states and the nearby continuum.
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