使用学习型互联网广告系统进行癌症筛查
Screening for cancer using a learning Internet advertising system
摘要：
研究表明，人们在浏览互联网时留下的痕迹可能预示着癌症等疾病的发作。在这里，我们展示了广告系统的自适应引擎与临床验证的问卷相结合，可用于识别怀疑患有三种类型实体瘤癌症之一的人。在第一项研究中，通过必应搜索引擎上显示的广告招募了308人，以完成临床验证的风险问卷。一个经过训练的分类器只使用Bing上过去的查询来预测问卷回答，对于所有三种癌症类型，其曲线下面积都达到了0.64，验证了过去的搜索可以用来识别疑似癌症患者。第二项研究是使用与第一项研究相同的配置的谷歌广告系统进行的。然而，在这项研究中，广告系统被设置为自动学习识别疑似癌症患者。共有70,586人观看了广告，6,484人点击并被推荐完成临床问卷。来自互联网接入率较高、预期寿命较低的国家的人往往会更多地点击广告。随着时间的推移，广告系统学会了识别可能患有疑似癌症症状的人，因此在实验结束时，完成问卷并发现患有疑似癌症的人的百分比达到约11%。这些结果证明了使用搜索引擎查询来筛选可能的癌症的实用性，以及现代广告系统的应用，以帮助识别可能患有严重疾病的人。在医疗服务不太发达的国家尤其如此。
英文摘要：
Studies have shown that the traces people leave when browsing the internet may indicate the onset of diseases such as cancer. Here we show that the adaptive engines of advertising systems in conjunction with clinically verified questionnaires can be used to identify people who are suspected of having one of three types of solid tumor cancers. In the first study, 308 people were recruited through ads shown on the Bing search engine to complete a clinically verified risk questionnaire. A classifier trained to predict questionnaire response using only past queries on Bing reached an Area Under the Curve of 0.64 for all three cancer types, verifying that past searches could be used to identify people with suspected cancer. The second study was conducted using the Google ads system in the same configuration as in the first study. However, in this study the ads system was set to automatically learn to identify people with suspected cancer. A total of 70,586 people were shown the ads, and 6,484 clicked and were referred to complete the clinical questionnaires. People from countries with higher Internet access and lower life expectancy tended to click more on the ads. Over time the advertisement system learned to identify people who were likely to have symptoms consistent with suspected cancer, such that the percentage of people completing the questionnaires and found to have suspected cancer reached approximately 11\% at the end of the experiment. These results demonstrate the utility of using search engine queries to screen for possible cancer and the application of modern advertising systems to help identify people who are likely suffering from serious medical conditions. This is especially true in countries where medical services are less developed.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
