具有物理不可克隆密钥的非对称密码体制
Asymmetric Cryptography with Physical Unclonable Keys
摘要：
安全通信在现代社会中至关重要。非对称加密方法，如广泛使用的RSA方法，允许在没有共享密钥的各方之间安全地交换信息。然而，现有的非对称密码方案依赖于未经证明的数学假设的安全性。此外，在它们的实现中使用的数字密钥容易被复制，这可能会被忽视。在这里，我们介绍了一种安全的通信方法，克服了这两个限制，采用物理不可克隆密钥（PUK）。使用在不透明散射材料中实现的光学PUK并采用现成的设备，我们以纠错的方式传输消息。信息以少光子波包的模式化波前形式传输，仅用接收器的PUK就可以成功解密。PUK使能非对称通信（PEAC）的安全性不是基于任何存储的秘密，而是基于区分不同的少光子波前的难度。
英文摘要：
Secure communication is of paramount importance in modern society. Asymmetric cryptography methods such as the widely used RSA method allow secure exchange of information between parties who have not shared secret keys. However, the existing asymmetric cryptographic schemes rely on unproven mathematical assumptions for security. Further, the digital keys used in their implementation are susceptible to copying that might remain unnoticed. Here we introduce a secure communication method that overcomes these two limitations by employing Physical Unclonable Keys (PUKs). Using optical PUKs realized in opaque scattering materials and employing off-the-shelf equipment, we transmit messages in an error-corrected way. Information is transmitted as patterned wavefronts of few-photon wavepackets which can be successfully decrypted only with the receiver's PUK. The security of PUK-Enabled Asymmetric Communication (PEAC) is not based on any stored secret but on the hardness of distinguishing between different few-photon wavefronts.
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