化学势对原子与带隙石墨烯或石墨烯涂层基底Casimir-Polder相互作用的影响
Influence of chemical potential on the Casimir-Polder interaction between an atom and gapped graphene or graphene-coated substrate
摘要：
我们提出了一种基于量子电动力学第一原理的形式主义，在非零温度下，允许计算原子和石墨烯片之间的Casimir-Polder相互作用，具有任意的质量间隙和化学势，包括石墨烯涂层基板。在Dirac模型的框架下，通过（2+1）维时空中石墨烯的极化张量来表示Casimir-Polder相互作用的自由能和力.得到的表达式被用来调查的化学势的石墨烯的Casimir-Polder相互作用的影响。计算进行亚稳态氦原子与独立的石墨烯片或石墨烯涂层的无定形二氧化硅制成的基板相互作用。结果表明，非零化学势和质量间隙对Casimir-Polder相互作用的影响方向相反，分别通过增大和减小自由能和力的大小来实现.然而，事实证明，Casimir-Polder相互作用的温度依赖部分被非零化学势降低，而与未掺杂的无间隙石墨烯相比，质量间隙增加了它。这些影响的物理解释提供。在不同的温度和原子-石墨烯间距下进行Casimir-Polder相互作用的数值计算。
英文摘要：
We present a formalism based on first principles of quantum electrodynamics at nonzero temperature which permits to calculate the Casimir-Polder interaction between an atom and a graphene sheet with arbitrary mass gap and chemical potential, including graphene-coated substrates. The free energy and force of the Casimir-Polder interaction are expressed via the polarization tensor of graphene in (2+1)-dimensional space-time in the framework of the Dirac model. The obtained expressions are used to investigate the influence of the chemical potential of graphene on the Casimir-Polder interaction. Computations are performed for an atom of metastable helium interacting with either a free-standing graphene sheet or a graphene-coated substrate made of amorphous silica. It is shown that the impacts of the nonzero chemical potential and the mass gap on the Casimir-Polder interaction are in opposite directions by increasing and decreasing the magnitudes of the free energy and force, respectively. It turns out, however, that the temperature-dependent part of the Casimir-Polder interaction is decreased by a nonzero chemical potential, whereas the mass gap increases it compared to the case of undoped, gapless graphene. The physical explanation for these effects is provided. Numerical computations of the Casimir-Polder interaction are performed at various temperatures and atom-graphene separations.
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