呼吸缓冲液中活线粒体的扫描微波显微镜
Scanning Microwave Microscopy of Vital Mitochondria in Respiration Buffer
摘要：
我们展示了使用扫描微波显微镜（SMM）的呼吸缓冲液中的重要线粒体成像。从培养的HeLa细胞中分离线粒体并将其拴系到固体石墨烯支持物上。线粒体使用呼吸缓冲器保持活力（活着），呼吸缓冲器提供营养以维持克雷布斯循环。我们通过使用电压敏感荧光染料（TMRE）测量膜电位来验证线粒体是“活的”。在7 GHz下测量细胞器的电容。几个技术进展表明，使这项工作：1）SMM工作在电生理相关的液体2）SMM以分接模式操作，在许多分接周期内平均微波反射测量; 3）调谐反射计能够提高灵敏度; 4）使用高达18 GHz的可变频率; 5）与表现出在液体存在下失败的高品质因数的传统匹配/谐振方法相比，干涉/调谐反射计给出了即使在液体存在下也调整品质因数或灵敏度的可能性。
英文摘要：
We demonstrate imaging using scanning microwave microscopy (SMM) of vital mitochondria in respiration buffer. The mitochondria are isolated from cultured HeLa cells and tethered to a solid graphene support. The mitochondria are kept vital (alive) using a respiration buffer, which provides nutrients to sustain the Krebs cycle. We verify that the mitochondria are "alive" by measuring the membrane potential using a voltage sensitive fluorescent dye (TMRE). The organelles are measured capacitively at 7 GHz. Several technical advances are demonstrated which enable this work: 1) The SMM operates in an electrophysiologically relevant liquid (hence conducting) environment; 2) The SMM operates in tapping mode, averaging the microwave reflection measurement over many tapping periods; 3) A tuned reflectometer enables increased sensitivity; 4) Variable frequencies up to 18 GHz are used; 5) In contrast with traditional matching/resonant methods that exhibit high quality factor that fail in the presence of liquids, interferometric/tuned reflectometer gives the possibility to adjust the quality factor or sensitivity even in the presence of the liquid.
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