一种仿生冗余传感结构
A Bio-inspired Redundant Sensing Architecture
摘要：
感知是从环境中获取信号的过程，允许人工系统与物理世界进行交互。香农定理规定了获取信息的最大速率。然而，这个上限在许多人造系统中很难实现。另一方面，生物视觉系统具有高效的信号表示和处理机制，可以实现精确的感知。在这项工作中，我们认为，冗余是这种优越的性能的关键特征之一。我们利用冗余检测，包括校正失配误差和显着的精度增强的架构优势。为了进行概念验证演示，我们设计了一个基于几何的模数转换器-零维量化器。通过蒙特卡罗仿真，误差概率分布作为先验，性能接近香农限是可行的。在不知道误差分布的实际测量中，我们观察到至少2位的额外精度。这些结果也可能有助于解释生物学过程，包括双眼视觉的主导地位，固定眼球运动的功能作用，以及允许超敏的结构机制。
英文摘要：
Sensing is the process of deriving signals from the environment that allows artificial systems to interact with the physical world. The Shannon theorem specifies the maximum rate at which information can be acquired. However, this upper bound is hard to achieve in many man-made systems. The biological visual systems, on the other hand, have highly efficient signal representation and processing mechanisms that allow precise sensing. In this work, we argue that redundancy is one of the critical characteristics for such superior performance. We show architectural advantages by utilizing redundant sensing, including correction of mismatch error and significant precision enhancement. For a proof-of-concept demonstration, we have designed a heuristic-based analog-to-digital converter - a zero-dimensional quantizer. Through Monte Carlo simulation with the error probabilistic distribution as a priori, the performance approaching the Shannon limit is feasible. In actual measurements without knowing the error distribution, we observe at least 2-bit extra precision. The results may also help explain biological processes including the dominance of binocular vision, the functional roles of the fixational eye movements, and the structural mechanisms allowing hyperacuity.
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