arXiv 1802.043602018-02astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP

附近超新星对早期太阳系的影响

The consequences of a nearby supernova on the early Solar System

Simon Portegies Zwart, Inti Pelupessy, Arjen van Elteren, Thomas Wijnen, Maria Lugaro

备注：: Accepted for publication in A&A
发表信息：: A&A 616, A85 (2018)
DOI：: 10.1051/0004-6361/201732060

摘要：

如果太阳诞生在一个相对紧凑的疏散星团中，那么当它爆炸成超新星时，很可能有一颗大质量（10兆太阳）的恒星在附近。超新星的影响可能相当深远，目前的太阳系可能仍然承受着这一创伤性事件的记忆。柯伊伯带的截断和黄道面相对于太阳自转轴的倾斜可能是这样的特征。我们使用天文学多用途软件环境模拟了附近超新星对年轻太阳系的影响。我们的计算是实现在两个后续步骤中，我们研究的效果的超新星照射的星周盘和影响的核爆炸波到达几十年后。我们发现，我们所采用的超新星爆炸的冲击波距离$0.15$-$0.40$ \，pc和角度$35^\circ$ - $65^\circ$相对于角动量轴的环日盘将导致太阳的赤道和它的磁盘之间的错位$5^\circ.6\pm1^\circ.2$，与当前的值一致。超新星爆炸将盘截断，半径在$42$和$55$ \，au之间，这与柯伊伯带的当前边缘一致。对于最有利的参数，超新星的辐射以及冲击波将盘的大部分加热到$\sim 1200$ \，K，这足够热以熔化星周盘中的球粒。大多数行星系统可能受到附近超新星的影响，其一些影响，如盘的截断和倾斜，可能仍然可以在当前行星系统的拓扑结构中看到。由星周盘吸积的来自超新星爆炸波的物质数量太少，少了几个数量级，无法解释短寿命放射性核素$^{26}$ Al目前的丰度。

英文摘要：

If the Sun was born in a relatively compact open cluster, it is quite likely that a massive (10MSun) star was nearby when it exploded in a supernova. The repercussions of a supernova can be rather profound, and the current Solar System may still bear the memory of this traumatic event. The truncation of the Kuiper belt and the tilt of the ecliptic plane with respect to the Sun's rotation axis could be such signatures. We simulated the effect of a nearby supernova on the young Solar System using the Astronomical Multipurpose Software Environment. Our calculations are realized in two subsequent steps in which we study the effect of the supernova irradiation on the circumstellar disk and the effect of the impact of the nuclear blast-wave which arrives a few decades later. We find that the blastwave of our adopted supernova exploding at a distance of $0.15$--$0.40$\,pc and at an angle of $35^\circ$--$65^\circ$ with respect to the angular-momentum axis of the circumsolar disk would induce a misalignment between the Sun's equator and its disk to $5^\circ.6\pm1^\circ.2$, consistent with the current value. The blast of a supernova truncates the disk at a radius between $42$ and $55$\,au, which is consistent with the current edge of the Kuiper belt. For the most favored parameters, the irradiation by the supernova as well as the blast wave heat the majority of the disk to $\sim 1200$\,K, which is sufficiently hot to melt chondrules in the circumstellar disk. The majority of planetary system may have been affected by a nearby supernova, some of its repercussions, such as truncation and tilting of the disk, may still be visible in their current planetary system's topology. The amount of material from the supernova blast wave that is accreted by the circumstellar disk is too small by several orders of magnitude to explain the current abundance of the short live radionuclide $^{26}$Al.

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