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arXiv 1802.04288astro-ph.SR
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昴星团中M矮星的膨胀半径

The inflated radii of M-dwarfs in the Pleiades

R. J. Jackson, Constantine P. Deliyannis, R. D. Jeffries

摘要:

开普勒卫星获得的旋转周期与WIYN 3.5米望远镜对投影旋转速度的精确测量相结合,确定了数百个低质量($0.1 \leq M/M_{\odot} \leq 0.8$)快速旋转的昴星团成员的投影半径分布。极大似然建模技术考虑了观测不确定性、选择效应和删失数据,并考虑了差分旋转和未解析双星的影响,已被用于发现这些恒星的平均半径在给定光度下比Dotter等人(2008)和Baraffe等人(2015)的进化模型预测的大$14 \pm 2$ %。相同的模型是一个合理的匹配,以干涉半径的老年人,磁不活跃的领域M-矮星,这表明超半径可能与年轻的,磁活跃的性质,昴星团的对象。没有发现任何证据表明,在这个过度半径以上和以下的边界标志着过渡到充分对流的任何变化。已发表的演化模型,包括对流的磁抑制效应或暗恒星黑子对通量的阻挡效应,并不能单独解释半径膨胀,但这两种效应的结合可能。投影半径的分布与所采用的自旋轴随机空间取向的假设一致;可以排除自旋矢量与开顶角为$<30^{\circ}$的锥体的强对齐。任何合理但较弱的对齐都会增加推断的超半径。

英文摘要:

Rotation periods obtained with the Kepler satellite have been combined with precise measurements of projected rotation velocity from the WIYN 3.5-m telescope to determine the distribution of projected radii for several hundred low-mass ($0.1 \leq M/M_{\odot} \leq 0.8$), fast-rotating members of the Pleiades cluster. A maximum likelihood modelling technique, that takes account of observational uncertainties, selection effects and censored data, and considers the effects of differential rotation and unresolved binarity, has been used to find that the average radius of these stars is $14 \pm 2$ per cent larger at a given luminosity than predicted by the evolutionary models of Dotter et al. (2008) and Baraffe et al. (2015). The same models are a reasonable match to the interferometric radii of older, magnetically inactive field M-dwarfs, suggesting that the over-radius may be associated with the young, magnetically active nature of the Pleiades objects. No evidence is found for any change in this over-radius above and below the boundary marking the transition to full convection. Published evolutionary models that incorporate either the effects of magnetic inhibition of convection or the blocking of flux by dark starspots do not individually explain the radius inflation, but a combination of the two effects might. The distribution of projected radii is consistent with the adopted hypothesis of a random spatial orientation of spin axes; strong alignments of the spin vectors into cones with an opening semi-angle $<30^{\circ}$ can be ruled out. Any plausible but weaker alignment would increase the inferred over-radius.

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