等离子体脑动力学（PBD）：人类意识下EEG波的机制
Plasma Brain Dynamics (PBD): A Mechanism for EEG Waves Under Human Consciousness
摘要：
脑电信号是人脑中非线性孤立波的记录。波具有几种类型（例如，a，b，g，q，d）对不同意识水平的反应。它们分为两组：第1组由复杂的风暴波（a，b和g）组成;第2组由简单的准线性波（q和d）组成。为了阐明脑电波的形成和传播机制，本文将等离子体脑动力学（PBD）的Vlasov-Maxwell方程组推广为一组双流体、自相似的非线性孤立波方程组。对不同的脑电信号进行了数值模拟。主要结果包括：（1）脑电波包的激发和传播依赖于电场和磁场、脑水离子、电子和离子的温度、质量以及它们的初始流体速度：（2）第一组复合波包含三种成分：高频离子声（IA）模、中频低杂波（LH）模和低频离子回旋（IC）模;（3）第2组简单波落在IA频带内，其特征在于三个包络中的一个或组合：正弦、正弦和尖峰/双极。该研究提出了一种量子脑动力学（QBD）的替代模型，即脑中非线性孤立脑电波的形成和传播与空间等离子体中的波具有相同的机制
英文摘要：
EEG signals are records of nonlinear solitary waves in human brains. The waves have several types (e.g., a, b, g, q, d) in response to different levels of consciousness. They are classified into two groups: Group-1 consists of complex storm-like waves (a, b, and g); Group-2 is composed of simple quasilinear waves (q and d). In order to elucidate the mechanism of EEG wave formation and propagation, this paper extends the Vlasov-Maxwell equations of Plasma Brain Dynamics (PBD) to a set of two-fluid, self-similar, nonlinear solitary wave equations. Numerical simulations are performed for different EEG signals. Main results include: (1) The excitation and propagation of the EEG wave packets are dependent of electric and magnetic fields, brain aqua-ions, electron and ion temperatures, masses, and their initial fluid speeds; (2) Group-1 complex waves contain three ingredients: the high-frequency ion-acoustic (IA) mode, the intermediate-frequency lower-hybrid (LH) mode, and the low-frequency ion-cyclotron (IC) mode; (3) Group-2 simple waves fall within the IA band, featured by one or a combination of the three envelopes: sinusoidal, sawtooth, and spiky/bipolar. The study proposes an alternative model to Quantum Brain Dynamics (QBD) by suggesting that the formation and propagation of the nonlinear solitary EEG waves in the brain have the same mechanism as that of the waves in space plasmas
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