基于超图语义的概率程序对上下文的建模
Modelling contextuality by probabilistic programs with hypergraph semantics
摘要：
一种现象的模型通常是通过在不同的实验条件或测量环境下对其进行检查来开发的。由此产生的概率模型假设定义一组可测量结果的基础随机变量可以独立于测量上下文进行定义。当这一假设失败时，这种现象被认为是有背景的。背景性是量子物理学中的一个重要问题。然而，越来越多的猜测认为它表现在量子领域之外，人类认知是一个特别突出的研究领域。这篇文章有助于概率程序设计语言的基础，可以方便地探索上下文在广泛的应用相关的认知科学和人工智能。提出了特定的语法，以允许规范的“测量上下文”。每个这样的上下文基于由测量上下文描述的相关联的实验条件来递送现象的部分模型。概率程序以模块化的方式转化为超图。量子物理领域的最新理论结果表明，上下文性可以等同于在所得超图上构造概率模型的可能性。超图的使用为理论上简洁有效的计算语义学打开了大门，它对上下文和非上下文现象都敏感。最后，本文提出了超越量子物理学的上下文意识，并通过超图语义的形式化方法来检测其存在。
英文摘要：
Models of a phenomenon are often developed by examining it under different experimental conditions, or measurement contexts. The resultant probabilistic models assume that the underlying random variables, which define a measurable set of outcomes, can be defined independent of the measurement context. The phenomenon is deemed contextual when this assumption fails. Contextuality is an important issue in quantum physics. However, there has been growing speculation that it manifests outside the quantum realm with human cognition being a particularly prominent area of investigation. This article contributes the foundations of a probabilistic programming language that allows convenient exploration of contextuality in wide range of applications relevant to cognitive science and artificial intelligence. Specific syntax is proposed to allow the specification of "measurement contexts". Each such context delivers a partial model of the phenomenon based on the associated experimental condition described by the measurement context. The probabilistic program is translated into a hypergraph in a modular way. Recent theoretical results from the field of quantum physics show that contextuality can be equated with the possibility of constructing a probabilistic model on the resulting hypergraph. The use of hypergraphs opens the door for a theoretically succinct and efficient computational semantics sensitive to modelling both contextual and non-contextual phenomena. Finally, this article raises awareness of contextuality beyond quantum physics and to contribute formal methods to detect its presence by means of hypergraph semantics.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
