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arXiv 1802.00666astro-ph.SR
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恒星动力学:旋转、对流和磁场

Stellar dynamics: rotation, convection, and magnetic fields

S. Mathur, J. Ballot, R. A. Garcia

摘要:

恒星是不断变化的实体,在它们的生命中不断进化。在非长期时间尺度(从秒到年),对流、自转和磁场等动力学过程的影响可以改变恒星的振荡。对流激发类太阳恒星的声学模式,而旋转和磁场可以扰动振荡频率,提升本征频率的方位角分量m的简并度。此外,自转、对流和磁场之间的相互作用可以产生磁发电机,有时会产生规则的磁活动周期。在本章中,我们将回顾如何研究恒星动力学,并解释长期地震观测可以带来什么来理解这一领域。因此,我们展示了如何研究在太阳这样的恒星中运行的对流时间尺度的一些性质。我们还比较了分层的信息,我们可以获得的内部(径向)差分旋转从主序星类太阳,太阳,更发达的次巨星,和巨人。我们补充这一信息的内部旋转与测定的表面(纬度差)直接从光变曲线获得的旋转。事实上,当恒星活跃时,它们表面上的斑点会使发出的光变暗。当恒星旋转时,发出的光将被这些斑点的存在所调制,其周期对应于活跃纬度(斑点发展的地方)的旋转速率。我们通过讨论快速旋转恒星的地震学来结束这一章,从理论的角度来看,目前推断中等质量和高质量恒星的内部结构和动力学特性的挑战是什么。

英文摘要:

Stars are changing entities in a constant evolution during their lives. At non-secular time scales (from seconds to years) the effect of dynamical processes such as convection, rotation, and magnetic fields can modify the stellar oscillations. Convection excites acoustic modes in solar-like stars, while rotation and magnetic fields can perturb the oscillation frequencies lifting the degeneracy in the azimuthal component m of the eigenfrequencies. Moreover, the interaction between rotation, convection, and magnetic fields can produce magnetic dynamos, which sometimes yield to regular magnetic activity cycles. In this chapter we review how stellar dynamics can be studied and explain what long-term seismic observations can bring to the understanding of this field. Thus, we show how we can study some properties of the convective time scales operating in a star like the Sun. We also compare the stratified information we can obtain on the internal (radial) differential rotation from main sequence solar-like stars, to the Sun, and to more evolved sub giants, and giants. We complement this information on the internal rotation with the determination of the surface (latitudinal differential) rotation obtained directly from the light curves. Indeed, when stars are active there can be spots on their surfaces dimming the light emitted. When the star rotates, the emitted light will be modulated by the presence of these spots with a period corresponding to the rotation rate at the active latitudes (where the spots develop). We conclude this chapter by discussing the seismology of fast rotating stars and, from a theoretical point of view, what are the current challenges to infer properties of the internal structure and dynamics of intermediate- and high-mass stars.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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