基于热中子傅里叶变换鬼成像的原子与磁结构显微技术
Microscopy for Atomic and Magnetic Structures Based on Thermal Neutron Fourier-transform Ghost Imaging
AI总结：
本研究提出基于热中子四阶关联的无透镜费米子傅里叶变换鬼成像方案，可实现德布罗意波长级分辨率，能对原子及微磁结构成像，有望推动多科学前沿发展。
摘要：
我们提出了一种无透镜的傅里叶变换鬼成像方案，该方案利用空间非相干热中子波的四阶关联函数实现。这项技术建立在费米-狄拉克统计与费米子场的反聚束效应基础之上，且分析过程必须完全采用量子力学方法。中子波的旋量表示以及完全基于薛定谔方程的推导，使得我们的工作成为首个严谨、可靠且真正意义上的费米子鬼成像方案。研究表明，参考臂与样品臂之间的强度涨落符合度，直接与样品原子及磁空间分布的纵向投影的横向傅里叶变换相关。通过规避中子光学中的透镜系统，我们的方法有望达到德布罗意波长级别的分辨率，这是现有中子成像技术无法比拟的。它具备对晶体与非晶体样品、尤其是微磁结构成像的全新能力，将在诸多科学前沿领域带来重要应用。
英文摘要：
We present a lensless, Fourier-transform ghost imaging scheme by exploring the fourth-order correlation function of spatially incoherent thermal neutron waves. This technique is established on the Fermi-Dirac statistics and the anti-bunching effect of fermionic fields, and the analysis must be fully quantum mechanical. The spinor representation of neutron waves and the derivation purely from the Schrodinger equation makes our work the first, rigorous, robust and truly fermionic ghost imaging scheme. The investigation demonstrates that the coincidence of the intensity fluctuations between the reference arm and the sample arm is directly related to the lateral Fourier-transform of the longitudinal projection of the sample's atomic and magnetic spatial distribution. By avoiding lens systems in neutron optics, our method can potentially achieve de Broglie wavelength level resolution, incomparable by current neutron imaging techniques. Its novel capability to image crystallined and noncrystallined samples, especially the micro magnetic structures, will bring important applications to various scientific frontiers.
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