深层水循环与地球延迟冷却
Deep Water Cycling and Delayed Onset Cooling of the Earth
摘要：
地球上发生的变化可以追溯到两种能源之一：太阳和地球的内能。地质时期的板块运动、火山活动、造山运动和地球表面的重塑都取决于地球的内能。构造活动由内能驱动，并影响能量被利用的速率，即，我们星球的冷却速度。岩石学数据表明，在地质历史上，冷却并不是以恒定的速率发生的。直到25亿年前，内部冷却是温和的，然后增加（图1）。当地球冷却时，它在岩石内部（地壳和地幔）和表面之间循环水。水会影响地幔岩石的粘性，从而影响构造运动的速度，并通过关联影响地球冷却。我们提出了一套热构造历史模型，再加上深水循环，以表明岩石学约束的变化，地球的冷却速率可以解释的变化，在地质时期的深水循环。冷却速率的变化并不需要地球的全球构造模式发生变化。它可以解释为地球内部和地表之间水循环平衡的变化。这种水循环变化的性质和时间可以与陆壳性质的变化和大气中氧气的相关上升相关联。预测氧气的增加应该与地球冷却速率的变化及时相关，这与数据限制是一致的。
英文摘要：
Changes that occur on our planet can be tracked back to one of two energy sources: the sun and the Earth's internal energy. The motion of tectonic plates, volcanism, mountain building and the reshaping of our planet's surface over geologic time depend on the Earth's internal energy. Tectonic activity is driven by internal energy and affects the rate at which energy is tapped, i.e., the cooling rate of our planet. Petrologic data indicate that cooling did not occur at a constant rate over geologic history. Interior cooling was mild until ~2.5 billion years ago and then increased (Figure 1). As the Earth cools, it cycles water between its rocky interior (crust and mantle) and its surface. Water affects the viscosity of mantle rock, which affects the pace of tectonics and, by association, Earth cooling. We present suites of thermal-tectonic history models, coupled to deep water cycling, to show that the petrologically constrained change in the Earth's cooling rate can be accounted for by variations in deep water cycling over geologic time. The change in cooling rate does not require a change in the global tectonic mode of the Earth. It can be accounted for by a change in the balance of water cycling between the Earth's interior and its surface envelopes. The nature and timing of that water cycling change can be correlated to a change in the nature of continental crust and an associated rise of atmospheric oxygen. The prediction that the rise of oxygen should then be correlated, in time, to the change in the Earth's cooling rate is consistent with data constraints.
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