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arXiv 1801.08149astro-ph.EP
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木星的演化与原始成分梯度

Jupiter's evolution with primordial composition gradients

A. Vazan, R. Helled, T. Guillot

摘要:

最近的木星形成和结构模型表明,这颗行星可能有成分梯度,而不是完全对流(绝热)。这种可能性直接影响了我们对木星整体组成和起源的理解。在这封信中,我们提出了木星的演化与原始结构组成的一个相对陡峭的重元素梯度的40个地球质量。我们发现,对于一个具有成分梯度的原始结构,在早期的演化过程中(几个10^7年),大部分混合发生在梯度的外部,导致绝热的外层包层(木星质量的60%)。我们发现,在内部深处的成分梯度仍然存在,这表明木星的质量的约40%可以是非绝热的温度比木星的大气性质得出的温度更高。据估计,今天木星中可能发展分层对流的区域仅限于质量的10%左右。

英文摘要:

Recent formation and structure models of Jupiter suggest that the planet can have composition gradients and not be fully convective (adiabatic). This possibility directly affects our understanding of Jupiter's bulk composition and origin. In this Letter we present Jupiter's evolution with a primordial structure consisting of a relatively steep heavy-element gradient of 40 Earth masses. We show that for a primordial structure with composition gradients, most of the mixing occurs in the outer part of the gradient during the early evolution (several 10^7 years), leading to an adiabatic outer envelope (60% of Jupiter's mass). We find that the composition gradient in the deep interior persists, suggesting that about 40% of Jupiter's mass can be non-adiabatic with a higher temperature than the one derived from Jupiter's atmospheric properties. The region that can potentially develop layered-convection in Jupiter today is estimated to be limited to about 10% of the mass.

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