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arXiv 1801.08072math.RAmath.COmath.OA
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秩等式的一个框架——面向算子代数的视角

A framework for rank identities -- With a view towards operator algebras

Soumyashant Nayak

AI总结:

本文提出有秩环框架以系统刻画和推广矩阵秩等式,并利用多项式与全纯函数演算生成抽象秩等式,成功应用于证明有限冯诺依曼代数中幂等元和为幂等元的正交充要条件。

摘要:

对于域 $\mathbb{K}$ 上的每个方阵 $A$,我们有等式 $\mathrm{rank}(A) + \mathrm{rank}(I-A) = \mathrm{rank}(I) + \mathrm{rank}(A-A^2)$,其中 $I$ 表示与 $A$ 维数相同的单位矩阵。在本文中,我们启动了一项计划,旨在系统地刻画和推广此类秩等式,以期应用于算子代数。我们开始研究所谓的有秩环(带有“秩系统”的有单位元环),主要感兴趣的例子包括有限 von Neumann 代数、Murray-von Neumann 代数和 von Neumann 秩环。在我们的框架中,域 $\mathbb{K}$ 可被视为带有 $\mathbb{Z}^+$-值秩系统的有秩环,该系统由 $M_n(\mathbb{K})$(对于 $n \in \mathbb{N}$)上通常的秩函数组成,并作为动机性示例。我们证明,带有中心 $\mathscr{C}$ 的有限 von Neumann 代数 $\mathscr{R}$(及相应的 Murray-von Neumann 代数 $\mathscr{R}_{\textrm{aff}}$)可被赋予 $\mathscr{C}^{+}$-值秩系统,此时将 $\mathscr{C}^{+}$ 视为关于算子加法的交换幺半群。我们给出了一种算法,通过多项式函数演算在有秩 $\mathbb{K}$-代数中生成秩等式,并通过全纯函数演算在有秩复 Banach 代数中生成秩等式。作为说明性应用,利用这些抽象秩等式,我们证明了有限 von Neumann 代数中有限多个幂等元 $e_1, \ldots, e_m$ 之和为幂等元当且仅当它们相互正交,即对于 $1 \le i, j \le m$,$e_i e_j = δ_{ij} e_i$。相比之下,这在无限维复 Hilbert 空间上的有界算子环中通常不成立。

英文摘要:

For every square matrix $A$ over a field $\mathbb{K}$, we have the equality $\mathrm{rank}(A) + \mathrm{rank}(I-A) = \mathrm{rank}(I) + \mathrm{rank}(A-A^2)$ where $I$ denotes the identity matrix with the same dimensions as $A$. In this article, we start a program to systematically characterize and generalize such rank identities with a view towards applications to operator algebras. We initiate the study of so-called ranked rings (unital rings with a `rank-system'), the main examples of interest being finite von Neumann algebras, Murray-von Neumann algebras, and von Neumann rank-rings. In our framework, a field $\mathbb{K}$ may be viewed as a ranked ring with a $\mathbb{Z}^+$-valued rank-system consisting of the usual rank functions on $M_n(\mathbb{K})$ (for $n \in \mathbb{N})$ and serves as the motivating example. We show that a finite von Neumann algebra $\mathscr{R}$ with center $\mathscr{C}$ (and the corresponding Murray-von Neumann algebra $\mathscr{R}_{\textrm{aff}}$) may be endowed with a $\mathscr{C}^{+}$-valued rank-system, considering $\mathscr{C}^{+}$ as a commutative monoid with respect to operator addition. We give an algorithm to generate rank identities in ranked $\mathbb{K}$-algebras via the polynomial function calculus, and in ranked complex Banach algebras via the holomorphic function calculus. As an illustrative application, using these abstract rank identities we show that the sum of finitely many idempotents $e_1, \ldots, e_m$ in a finite von Neumann algebra is an idempotent if and only if they are mutually orthogonal, that is, $e_i e_j = δ_{ij} e_i$ for $1 \le i, j \le m$. In contrast, this does not hold in general in the ring of bounded operators on an infinite-dimensional complex Hilbert space.

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