We reexamine a renormalizable model of a fermionic dark matter with a gauge singlet Dirac fermion and a real singlet scalar which can ameliorate the scalar mass hierarchy problem of the Standard Model (SM). Our model setup is the minimal extension of the SM for which a realistic dark matter (DM) candidate is provided and the cancellation of one-loop quadratic divergence to the scalar masses can be achieved by the Veltman condition (VC) simultaneously. This model extension, although renormalizable, can be considered as an effective low-energy theory valid up to cut-off energies about 10 TeV. We calculate the one-loop quadratic divergence contributions of the new scalar and fermionic DM singlets, and constrain the model parameters using the VC and the perturbative unitarity conditions. Taking into account the invisible Higgs decay measurement, we show the allowed region of new physics parameters satisfying the recent measurement of relic abundance. With the obtained parameter set, we predict the elastic scattering cross section of the new singlet fermion into target nuclei for a direct detection of the dark matter. We also perform the full analysis with arbitrary set of parameters without the VC as a comparison, and discuss the implication of the constraints by the VC in detail.
We revisit the fine-tuning problem in the Standard Model (SM) and show the modification in Veltman condition by virtue of a minimally-extended particle spectrum with one real SM gauge singlet scalar field. We demand the new scalar to interact with the SM fields through Higgs portal only, and that the new singlet to acquire a vacuum expectation value, resulting in a mixing with the CP-even neutral component of the Higgs doublet in the SM. The experimental bounds on the mixing angle are determined by the observed best-fit signal strength $σ/σ_{\rm SM}$. While, the one-loop radiative corrections …
In this paper we have considered the possibility that the Standard Model, and its minimal extension with the addition of singlets, merges with a high-scale supersymmetric theory at a scale satisfying the Veltman condition and therefore with no sensitivity to the cutoff. The matching of the Standard Model is achieved at Planckian scales. In its complex singlet extension the matching scale depends on the strength of the coupling between the singlet and Higgs fields. For order one values of the coupling, still in the perturbative region, the matching scale can be located in the TeV ballpark. Even…
We consider an extension to the Standard Model (SM) with two extra real singlet scalars which interact with the SM Higgs particle. The lighter scalar is taken as the dark matter (DM) candidate. We show that the model successfully explains the relic abundance of the DM in the universe and evades the strong bounds from direct detection experiments while respecting the perturbativity and the vacuum stability conditions. In addition, we study the hierarchy problem within the Veltman approach by solving the renormalization group equations at one-loop. We demonstrate that the addition of the real si…
Using the renormalisation group framework we classify different extensions of the standard model according to their degree of naturality. A new relevant class of perturbative models involving elementary scalars is the one in which the theory simultaneously satisfies the Veltman conditions and is conformal at the classical level. We term these extensions perturbative natural conformal (PNC) theories. We show that PNC models are very constrained and thus highly predictive. Among the several PNC examples that we exhibit, we discover a remarkably simple PNC extension of the standard model in which…
We consider a simple extension of the standard model with a singlet fermionic dark matter. Its thermal relic density can be easily accommodated by a real singlet scalar messenger that mixes with the standard model Higgs boson. The model can change significantly the Higgs signals at the LHC via sizable invisible decays of two Higgs-like scalar bosons. After imposing the constraints from the electroweak precision tests, colliders and dark matter search experiments, one concludes that two or one or none of the two Higgs bosons, depending on the mass relations among two scalar bosons and the dark …
We propose a renormalizable model of a fermionic dark matter by introducing a gauge singlet Dirac fermion and a real singlet scalar. The bridges between the singlet sector and the standard model sector are only the singlet scalar interaction terms with the standard model Higgs field. The singlet fermion couples to the standard model particles through the mixing between the standard model Higgs and singlet scalar and is naturally a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP). The measured relic abundance can be explained by the singlet fermionic dark matter as the WIMP within this model. Collide…
We investigate Planck scale boundary conditions on the Higgs sector of the standard model with a gauge singlet scalar dark matter. We will find that vanishing self-coupling and Veltman condition at the Planck scale are realized with the 126 GeV Higgs mass and top pole mass, 172 GeV $\lesssim M_t\lesssim$ 173.5 GeV, where a correct abundance of scalar dark matter is obtained with mass of 300 GeV $\lesssim m_S \lesssim$ 1 TeV. It means that the Higgs potential is flat at the Planck scale, and this situation can not be realized in the standard model with the top pole mass.
We revisit the parameter space of singlet fermionic cold dark matter model in order to determine the role of the mixing angle between the standard model Higgs and new singlet one. Furthermore, we restudy the direct detection constraints with the updated and new experimental data. As an important conclusion, this model is completely excluded by recent XENON100, PandaX II and LUX data.
We propose a renormalizable model of a fermionic dark matter by introducing a gauge singlet Dirac fermion and a real singlet scalar. The bridges between the singlet sector and the standard model sector are only the singlet scalar interaction terms with the standard model Higgs field. The singlet fermion couples to the standard model particles through the mixing between the standard model Higgs and singlet scalar and is naturally a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP). The measured relic abundance can be explained by the singlet fermionic dark matter as the WIMP within this model. Collide…
It has been suggested that, considering channeling effect, the order of a few GeV dark matters which are elastically scattered from detector nuclei might be plausible candidates reconciling the DAMA annual modulation signal with the results of other null experiments. We show that Singlet Fermionic Dark Matter can be such a dark matter candidate, simultaneously providing the correct thermal relic density which is consistent with the WMAP data.
We consider an extension of the standard model in which a singlet fermionic particle, to serve as cold dark matter, and a singlet Higgs are added. We perform a reanalysis on the free parameters. In particular, demanding a correct relic abundance of dark matter, we derive and plot the coupling of the singlet fermion with the singlet Higgs, $g_s$, versus the dark matter mass. We analytically compute the pair annihilation cross section of singlet fermionic dark matter into two photons. The thermally averaged of this cross section is calculated for wide range of energies and plotted versus dark ma…
We study a classically scale-invariant model with an electroweak singlet complex scalar mediator together with an anomaly free set of two fermionic dark matters. We introduce $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry with a new charge $X$ in the dark sector in order to stabilize the mass of the scalar singlet with a new gauge boson. Our conformally invariant scalar potential generates the electroweak symmetry breaking via the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, and the new scalar singlet acquires its mass through radiative corrections of the fermionic dark matters and the new gauge boson as well as of the SM particles.…
We discuss the most general necessary and sufficient condition for three massless light neutrinos in variants of the type I seesaw mechanism in which we introduce an arbitrary number of fermionic gauge singlets. We find that having massless light neutrinos is equivalent to enforcing the conservation of lepton number. As a consequence, any symmetry that leads to massless light neutrinos will contain as an unbroken subgroup a conserved lepton number. This will be important for searches for heavy sterile neutrinos since in general the light neutrino masses will be proportional to small lepton num…
We explore the possibility that the discrepancy in the observed anomalous magnetic moment of the muon $Δa _μ$ and the predicted relic abundance of Dark Matter by Planck data, can be explained in a lepto-philic 2-HDM augmented by a real SM singlet scalar of mass $\sim$ 10-80 GeV. We constrain the model from the observed Higgs Decay width at LHC, LEP searches for low mass exotic scalars and anomalous magnetic moment of an electron $Δa_e$. This constrained light singlet scalar serves as a portal for the fermionic Dark Matter, which contributes to the required relic density of the universe. A larg…
The aim of this study is to investigate the quadratic divergences using dimensional regularization within the context of the standard model extended by two real scalar singlets (TRSM). This extension provides three neutral scalar fields that mix, after developing its {\it vev}'s, leading to three CP-even Higgs bosons, namely: $h_1$, $h_2$ and $h_3$, which would offer a wide phenomenology at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) as reported recently. Furthermore, to fulfill the Veltman conditions for those three fields, we dwell on the one-loop level ($d_L=2$) of dimensional regularization calculatio…
We compute the fermionic (n_f) contributions to the flavour non-singlet structure functions in unpolarized electromagnetic deep-inelastic scattering at third order of massless perturbative QCD. Complete results are presented for the corresponding nf-parts of the three-loop anomalous dimension and the three-loop coefficient functions for the structure functions F_2 and F_L. Our results agree with all partial and approximate results available in the literature. The present calculation also facilitates a complete determination of the threshold-resummation parameters B_2 and D_2^DIS of which only …
We explore the whole parameter space of the singlet fermionic cold dark matter model with respect to constraints on, first, the relic density and second, gamma-ray lines up to 10 TeV. We investigate 44000 random sample models which comprehensively scan the parameter space for dark matter mass below 10 TeV, and compare our results with the latest experimental data from H.E.S.S., for the first time. It is showed that, except for the resonance regions, this indirect detection cannot exclude the parameter space of this model.
There is evidence for a spectral line at $E_γ\approx 130$ GeV in the Fermi-LAT data that can be explained as dark mater particles annihilating into photons. We review a well known dark matter model that consists in a singlet Dirac fermion and a singlet scalar. The scalar implements spontaneous symmetry breaking in the dark sector, and is responsible for the communication between dark matter and Standard Model particles through a coupling to the Higgs. These interactions are supressed by the mixing between the scalar and the Higgs. Therefore, the singlet fermionic dark matter is naturally a wea…
We consider a model with two gauge singlet fermionic WIMPs communicating with the SM particles by a singlet scalar mediator via a Higgs portal. While the light WIMP is stable and plays the role of the dark matter (DM) candidate, the heavy partner is a short-lived WIMP without contribution to the current DM relic density. Along with the coannihilation effects the heavy WIMP, acting as a mediator in $t$- and $u$-channel DM annihilation cross sections, has a significant effect in finding the viable parameter space against the direct detection constraints provided by XENON1t and LUX experiments. T…
We investigate the collider signatures of the three benchmark points in the singlet fermionic dark matter model. The benchmark points, which were introduced previously to explain the Fermi gamma-ray excess by dark matter (DM) pair annihilation at the Galactic center, have definite predictions for future collider experiments such as the International Linear Collider and the High-Luminosity LHC. We consider four collider observables: (1) Higgs signal strength (essentially $hZZ$ coupling), (2) triple Higgs coupling, (3) exotic Higgs decay, and (4) direct production of a new scalar particle. The b…
We consider a model with a gauge singlet Dirac fermion as a cold dark matter candidate. The dark matter particle communicates with the Standard Model via a gauge singlet scalar mediator that couples to the Higgs. The scalar mediator also serves to create a tree-level barrier in the scalar potential which leads to a strongly first order electroweak phase transition as required for Electroweak Baryogenesis. We find a large number of models that can account for all the dark matter and provide a strong phase transition while avoiding constraints from dark matter direct detection, electroweak preci…
A singlet fermion which interacts only with a new singlet scalar provides a viable and minimal scenario that can explain the dark matter. The singlet fermion is the dark matter particle whereas the new scalar mixes with the Higgs boson providing a link between the dark matter sector and the Standard Model. In this paper, we present an updated analysis of this model focused on its detection prospects. Both, the parity-conserving case and the most general case are considered. First, the full parameter space of the model is analyzed, and the regions compatible with the dark matter constraint are …
In this paper, we construct two component dark matter model and revisit fine-tuning, unitarity and vacuum stability problem in this framework. Through Higgs-portal interactions, the additional scalar and vector singlet field can interact with the SM particles. The parameter space of the model are severely constraint by observed relic density and direct detection experiments. We found that, unlike the SM, the fine-tuning problem is relaxed due to the modified Veltman condition. The vacuum stability problem is addressed, the additional contributions from two DM singlets to the $β$ function make …
It is well known that for the pure standard model triplet fermionic WIMP-type dark matter (DM), the relic density is satisfied around 2 TeV. For such a heavy mass particle, the production cross-section at 13 TeV run of LHC will be very small. Extending the model further with a singlet fermion and a triplet scalar, DM relic density can be satisfied for even much lower masses. The lower mass DM can be copiously produced at LHC and hence the model can be tested at collider. For the present model we have studied the multi jet ($\geq 2\,j$) + missing energy ($\cancel{E}_{T}$) signal and show that t…
We present a study of singlet-doublet vector-like leptonic dark matter (DM) in the framework of two Higgs doublet model (2HDM), where the dark sector is comprised of one doublet and one singlet vectorlike fermions (VLFs). The DM, that arises as an admixture of the neutral components of the VLFs, is stabilized by an imposed discrete symmetry $\mathcal{Z}_2^{'}$ . We test the viability of the model in the light of observations from PLANCK and recent limits on spin-independent direct detection experiments, and search for its possible collider signals. In addition, we also look for the stochastic …
We examine the possibility that the dark matter (DM) interpretation of the GeV scale Fermi gamma-ray excess at the Galactic Center can be realized in a specific framework - secluded singlet fermionic dark matter model with small mixing between the dark and Standard Model sector. Within this framework it is shown that the DM annihilation into bottom-quark pair, Higgs pair, and new scalar pair can give good fits to the Fermi gamma-ray data. Moreover unavoidable constraints from the antiproton ratio by the PAMELA and AMS-02, the gamma-ray emission from the dwarf spheroidal galaxies by the Fermi-L…
We propose an Abelian gauged version of the singlet-doublet fermionic dark matter (DM) model where DM, combination of a vector like fermion doublet and a fermion singlet, is naturally stabilised by the gauge symmetry without requiring any ad-hoc discrete symmetries. In order to have good detection prospects at collider experiments like the large hadron collider (LHC) and enlarged parameter space for low mass DM, we consider the additional gauge symmetry to be based on the quantum $B-3L_τ$ where the restriction to third generation of leptons is chosen to have weaker bounds from the LHC on the c…
We propose a minimal extension of the standard model (SM) by including a scalar triplet with hypercharge 2 and two vector-like leptons: one doublet and a singlet, to explain simulatenously the non-zero neutrino mass and dark matter (DM) content of the Universe. The DM emerges out as a mixture of the neutral component of vector-like lepton doublet and singlet, being odd under a discrete $Z_2$ symmetry. After electroweak symmetry breaking the triplet scalar gets an induced vev, which give Majorana masses not only to the light neutrinos but also to the DM. Due to the Majorana mass of DM, the $Z$ …
Fermionic Dark Matter in a Scotogenic Model with a Complex Scalar Singlet
Universidad de los Andes（安第斯大学）；Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC-Universitat de València（粒子物理研究所（IFIC），西班牙瓦伦西亚大学与西班牙高等科研理事会联合）；Universitat de València（瓦伦西亚大学）
We investigate an extension of the standard model (SM) with a singlet fermionic dark matter (DM) particle which interacts with the SM sector through a real singlet scalar. The presence of a new scalar provides the possibility of generating a strongly first order phase transition needed for electroweak baryogenesis. Taking into account the latest Higgs search results at the LHC and the upper limits from the DM direct detection experiments especially that from the LUX experiment, and combining the constraints from the LEP experiment and the electroweak precision test, we explore the parameter sp…
Semi-annihilation is a generic feature of dark matter theories with symmetries larger than Z2. We investigate two examples with multi-component dark sectors comprised of an SU(2)L singlet or triplet fermion besides a scalar singlet. These are respectively the minimal fermionic semi-annihilating model, and the minimal case for a gauge-charged fermion. We study the relevant dark matter phenomenology, including the interplay of semi-annihilation and the Sommerfeld effect. We demonstrate that semi-annihilation in the singlet model can explain the gamma ray excess from the galactic center. For the …
We perform a detailed study of dark matter production via freeze-in under the assumption that some fluid dominates the early Universe before depositing its energy to the plasma causing entropy injection. As a dark matter candidate we consider a fermionic singlet that is produced through its interactions with a scalar particle in the thermal plasma. The fluid alters the expansion rate of the Universe, as well as the scaling of the temperature, which significantly affects the evolution of both the number density and the mean momentum of the dark matter particle. We identify and discuss in detail…
We study the dark matter phenomenology of Standard Model extensions addressing the reported anomaly in the $R_K$ observable at one-loop. The article covers the case of fermionic singlet DM coupling leptophilically, quarkphilically or amphiphilically to the SM. The setup utilizes a large coupling of the new particle content to the second lepton generation to explain the $R_K$ anomaly, which in return tends to diminish the dark matter relic density. Further, dark matter direct detection experiments provide stringent bounds even in cases where the dark matter candidate only contributes a small fr…
We present a fermionic dark matter model mediated by the hidden gauge boson. We assume the QED-like hidden sector which consists of a Dirac fermion and U(1)$_X$ gauge symmetry, and introduce an additional scalar electroweak doublet field with the U(1)$_X$ charge as a mediator. The hidden U(1)$_X$ symmetry is spontaneously broken by the electroweak symmetry breaking and there exists a massive extra neutral gauge boson in this model which is the mediator between the hidden and visible sectors. Due to the U(1)$_X$ charge, the additional scalar doublet does not couple to the Standard Model fermion…
We consider the standard model (SM) extended by a gauge singlet fermion as cold dark matter (SFCDM) and a gauge singlet scalar (singlet Higgs) as a mediator. The parameter space of the SM is enlarged by seven new ones. We obtain the total annihilation cross section of singlet fermions to the SM particles and singlet Higgs at tree level. Regarding the relic abundance constraint obtained by WMAP observations, we study the dependency on each parameter separately, for dark matter masses up to 1 TeV. In particular, the coupling of SFCDM to singlet Higgs $g_s$, the SFCDM mass $m_ψ$, the second Higgs…
We present an extension of the SM involving three triplet fermions, one triplet scalar and one singlet fermion, which can explain both neutrino masses and dark matter. One triplet of fermions and the singlet are odd under a $Z_2$ symmetry, thus the model features two possible dark matter candidates. The two remaining $Z_2$-even triplet fermions can reproduce the neutrino masses and oscillation parameters consistent with observations. We consider the case where the singlet has feeble couplings while the triplet is weakly interacting and investigate the different possibilities for reproducing th…
We investigate an inflationary model involving a gauge singlet scalar and fermionic dark matter. The mixing between the singlet scalar and the Higgs boson provides a portal to dark matter. The inflaton could either be the Higgs boson or the singlet scalar, and slow roll inflation is realized via its non-minimal coupling to gravity. In this setup, the effective scalar potential is stabilized by the mixing between two scalars and coupling with dark matter. We study constraints from collider searches, relic density and direct detection, and find that dark matter mass should be around half the mas…
In this doctoral thesis, we study both low- and high-energy observables related to massive neutrinos. Neutrino oscillations have provided indisputable evidence in favour of non-zero neutrino masses and mixings. However, the original formulation of the Standard Model cannot account for these observations, which calls for the introduction of new Physics. Among many possibilities, we focus here on the inverse seesaw, a neutrino mass generation mechanism in which the Standard Model is extended with fermionic gauge singlets. This model offers an attractive alternative to the usual seesaw realisatio…
Serious searches for the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) have now begun. In this context, the most important questions that need to be addressed are: "To what extent can we constrain the WIMP models in the future?" and "What will then be the remaining unexplored regions in the WIMP parameter space for each of these models?" In our quest to answer these questions, we classify WIMP in terms of quantum number and study each case adopting minimality as a guiding principle. As a first step, we study one of the simple cases of the minimal composition in the well-tempered fermionic WIMP re…
The strong direct detection limits could be pointing to dark matter -- nucleus scattering at loop level. We study in detail the prototype example of an electroweak singlet (Dirac or Majorana) dark matter fermion coupled to an extended dark sector, which is composed of a new fermion and a new scalar. Given the strong limits on colored particles from direct and indirect searches we assume that the fields of the new dark sector are color singlets. We outline the possible simplified models, including the well-motivated cases in which the extra scalar or fermion is a Standard Model particle, as wel…
By extending the Standard Model with singlet-doublet fermions and triplet scalars, all odd under a new $Z_2$ symmetry, we introduce a radiative seesaw model that can simultaneously account for dark matter, explain the existence of neutrino masses and allow for gauge coupling unification. We explore the viable parameter space of the model after imposing collider, Higgs mass, dark matter, neutrino mass and lepton flavour violation constraints. We find that dark matter in this model is fermionic for masses below about 1 TeV and scalar above and observe a high degree of complementarity between dir…
We study the dark matter phenomenology of scotogenic frameworks through a rather illustrative model extending the Standard Model by scalar and fermionic singlets and doublets. Such a setup is phenomenologically attractive since it provides the radiative generation of neutrino masses, while also including viable candidates for cold dark matter. We employ a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm to explore the associated parameter space in view of numerous constraints stemming from the Higgs mass, the neutrino sector, dark matter, and lepton-flavour violating processes. After a general discussion of…
Higgs portal models are the most minimal way to explain the relic abundance of the Universe. They add just a singlet that only couples to the Higgs through a single parameter that controls both the dark matter relic abundance and the direct detection cross-section. Unfortunately this scenario, either with scalar or fermionic dark matter, is almost ruled out by the latter. In this paper we analyze the Higgs-portal idea with fermionic dark matter in the context of a 2HDM. By disentangling the couplings responsible for the correct relic density from those that control the direct detection cross s…
We present the minimal model of electroweak baryogenesis induced by fermions. The model consists of an extension of the Standard Model with one electroweak singlet fermion and one pair of vector like doublet fermions with renormalizable couplings to the Higgs. A strong first order phase transition is radiatively induced by the singlet-doublet fermions, while the origin of the baryon asymmetry is due to asymmetric reflection of the same set of fermions on the expanding electroweak bubble wall. The singlet-doublet fermions are stabilized at the electroweak scale by chiral symmetries and the Higg…
This paper investigates the impact of the recent LHC constraints on the Higgs sector in the semi-constrained version of the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Our analysis focuses on the parameter space for which the value of the Higgs doublet-singlet coupling, $λ$, is large as possible, while the ratio between the vacuum expectation values of the two Higgs doublets, $\tanβ$, is small as possible. Under the current constraints, we present the possible fermionic decay channels and reduced cross-section into fermions final states for the lightest neutral Higgs bosons in the NMSSM, $(…
We explore the multi-component dark matter (DM) scenario considered in a simple extension of the standard model with an inert scalar doublet and a singlet fermionic field providing the two DM candidates. The DM states are made stable under the unbroken $Z_2\times Z_2'$ discrete symmetry. An additional gauge singlet scalar field is introduced to facilitate the interaction of the dark fermion with the visible sector. Presence of a charged fermionic field having the same $Z_2$ charge as that of the inert scalar field allows exploring the dark matter mass regions otherwise disallowed, like in the …
In view of the current status of measured Higgs boson properties, we consider a question whether only the Higgs self-interactions can deviate significantly from the Standard-Model (SM) predictions. This may be possible if the Higgs effective potential is irregular at the origin. As an example we investigate an extended Higgs sector with singlet scalar(s) and classical scale invariance. We develop a perturbative formulation necessary to analyze this model in detail. The behavior of a phenomenologically valid potential in the perturbative regime is studied around the electroweak scale. We reprod…
The freeze-in mechanism of dark matter production provides a simple and intriguing alternative to the WIMP paradigm. In this paper, we analyze whether freeze-in can be used to account for the dark matter in the so-called singlet fermionic model. In it, the SM is extended with only two additional fields, a singlet scalar that mixes with the Higgs boson, and the dark matter particle, a fermion assumed to be odd under a Z_2 symmetry. After numerically studying the generation of dark matter, we analyze the dependence of the relic density with respect to all the free parameters of the model. These …
We explore a fermionic dark matter model with a possible extension of Standard Model (SM) of particle physics into two Higgs doublet model. Higgs doublets couple to the singlet fermionic dark matter (FDM) through a non renormalisable coupling providing a new physics scale. We explore the viability of such dark matter candidate and constrain the model parameter space by collider serach, relic density of DM, direct detection measurements of DM-nucleon scattreing cross-section and with the experimentally obtained results from indirect search of dark matter.
We review predictions and constraints for nuclear recoil signals from Higgs portal dark matter under the assumption of standard thermal creation from freeze-out. Thermally created scalar and vector Higgs portal dark matter masses are constrained to be in the resonance region near half the Higgs mass or above several TeV. The resonance region for these models will be tested by XENONnT and LZ. The full mass range up to the unitarity limit can be tested by DarkSide-20k and DARWIN. Fermionic Higgs portal dark matter with a pure CP odd coupling is constrained by the Higgs decay width, but has stron…
