理性选择与决策问题的表示
On Rational Choice and the Representation of Decision Problems
摘要：
在经济理论中，代理人从可用的替代品中进行选择-建模为集合。然而，在现场或实验室的决策中，代理人不能立即访问备选方案集。相反，替代品是由外部世界以结构化的方式表示的。在线搜索结果是项目列表，葡萄酒菜单通常是列表列表（按类型或国家分组），在线购物通常涉及过滤项目，这些项目可以被视为导航树。代表性限制了代理人如何选择。与此同时，代理人在选择时也可以利用表示，简化他/她的选择过程。例如，在列表的情况下，他或她可以使用选项的表示顺序来做出选择。在本文中，我们的模型表示和决策程序对他们的操作。我们表明，选择程序相关的经典选择功能的一个典型的映射。利用这种映射，我们可以问，选择函数的性质是否可以提升到导致它们的选择过程上。我们专注于明显的基准：理性选择。我们充分表征的选择程序，可以合理化的一般表示，包括列表，列表列表，树和其他严格的偏好关系。因此，我们的框架可以作为新的理性行为测试的基础。经典的选择理论是在非常有限的信息上运作的，通常是预算或菜单和最终选择。这与专门收集用户选择过程的大量数据的网络公司形成鲜明对比。我们的框架提供了一种将这些数据整合到经济选择模型中的方法。
英文摘要：
In economic theory, an agent chooses from available alternatives -- modeled as a set. In decisions in the field or in the lab, however, agents do not have access to the set of alternatives at once. Instead, alternatives are represented by the outside world in a structured way. Online search results are lists of items, wine menus are often lists of lists (grouped by type or country), and online shopping often involves filtering items which can be viewed as navigating a tree. Representations constrain how an agent can choose. At the same time, an agent can also leverage representations when choosing, simplifying his/her choice process. For instance, in the case of a list he or she can use the order in which alternatives are represented to make his/her choice. In this paper, we model representations and decision procedures operating on them. We show that choice procedures are related to classical choice functions by a canonical mapping. Using this mapping, we can ask whether properties of choice functions can be lifted onto the choice procedures which induce them. We focus on the obvious benchmark: rational choice. We fully characterize choice procedures which can be rationalized by a strict preference relation for general representations including lists, list of lists, trees and others. Our framework can thereby be used as the basis for new tests of rational behavior. Classical choice theory operates on very limited information, typically budgets or menus and final choices. This is in stark contrast to the vast amount of data that specifically web companies collect about their users' choice process. Our framework offers a way to integrate such data into economic choice models.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
