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arXiv 1801.02936astro-ph.SR
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使用2012年3月7日X级耀斑的SDO/EVE观测对非麦克斯韦$κ$分布的光谱诊断

Spectroscopic diagnostics of the non-Maxwellian $κ$-distributions using SDO/EVE observations of the 2012 March 7 X-class flare

Elena Dzifcakova, Alena Zemanova, Jaroslav Dudik, Simon Mackovjak

摘要:

分析了2012年3月7日X5.4级耀斑(SOL 2012 -03- 07 T00:07)期间太阳动力学观测站(SDO)极紫外光变率实验(EVE)的光谱观测结果,并对非麦克斯韦kappa分布特征进行了分析。在1分钟内对观察到的光谱进行平均,以增加较弱谱线中的光子统计,并减去耀斑前的光谱。使用KAPPA数据库计算κ分布的合成线强度。我们发现强烈的偏离(卡帕< 2)在耀斑的早期和脉冲阶段,与随后的耀斑等离子体热化在逐渐阶段。如果从单线比诊断温度,则结果强烈依赖于kappa值。当kappa=2时,我们发现温度比通常使用的麦克斯韦方程高出约2倍。非麦克斯韦效应也可能导致从线比和从GOES X射线通道的比率诊断的温度不同。多热分析表明,等离子体是强烈的多热在任何时候与平面DEM。对于较低的kappa,DEM_kappa向较高的温度移动。唯一几乎与kappa无关的参数是电子密度,我们发现log(N_e)$\approx$ 11.5几乎与时间无关。我们的结论是,非麦克斯韦效应是重要的,应该考虑到分析时,太阳耀斑观测,包括光谱和成像。

英文摘要:

Spectroscopic observations made by the Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) during the 2012 March 7 X5.4-class flare (SOL2012-03-07T00:07) are analyzed for signatures of the non-Maxwellian kappa-distributions. Observed spectra were averaged over 1 minute to increase photon statistics in weaker lines and the pre-flare spectrum was subtracted. Synthetic line intensities for the kappa-distributions are calculated using the KAPPA database. We find strong departures (kappa < 2) during the early and impulsive phases of the flare, with subsequent thermalization of the flare plasma during the gradual phase. If the temperatures are diagnosed from a single line ratio, the results are strongly dependent on the value of kappa. For kappa=2, we find temperatures about a factor of two higher than the commonly used Maxwellian ones. The non-Maxwellian effects could also cause the temperatures diagnosed from line ratios and from the ratio of GOES X-ray channels to be different. Multithermal analysis reveals the plasma to be strongly multithermal at all times with flat DEMs. For lower kappa, the DEM_kappa are shifted towards higher temperatures. The only parameter that is nearly independent of kappa is electron density, where we find log(N_e) $\approx$ 11.5 almost independently of time. We conclude that the non-Maxwellian effects are important and should be taken into account when analyzing solar flare observations, including spectroscopic and imaging ones.

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