衡量政治不公正划分选区

摘要：

2016年，威斯康星州一家法院因违宪的选区划分而取消了州议会地图。如果最高法院在2018年的判决中维持这一裁决，这将是美国历史上第一个成功的政治选区划分案件。效率差距公式因其在这种情况下发挥的关键作用而成为头条新闻。与此同时，数学的发展速度比法院快。即使在该国等待最高法院裁决的同时，也有人提出、分析和比较了效率差距公式的改进版本。由于许多相关文献出现（或将出现）在法律期刊上，我们相信，一般的数学观众可能会发现这种数学应用的简明自足的概述，可能会对我们的民主产生深远的影响。

英文摘要：

In 2016, a Wisconsin court struck down the state assembly map due to unconstitutional gerrymandering. If this ruling is upheld by the Supreme Court's pending 2018 decision, it will be the fist successful political gerrymandering case in the history of the United States. The efficiency gap formula made headlines for the key role it played in this case. Meanwhile, the mathematics is moving forward more quickly than the courts. Even while the country awaits the Supreme Court decision, improved versions of the efficiency gap formula have been proposed, analyzed and compared. Since much of the relevant literature appears (or will appear) in law journals, we believe that the general math audience might find benefit in a concise self-contained overview of this application of mathematics that could have profound consequences for our democracy.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。